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According to the 1951 Refugee Convention, it is the state’s responsibility to protect and provide basic services to the refugees within their border. However, even if ratified to the Convention, it is common that the state decides to relinquish its responsibilities for various reasons. In Trinidad and Tobago, no national refugee policy has been adopted since the ratification of the 1951 Refugee Co
Political institutions are keen to use the best available scientific knowledge in decision-making. For environmental policy, relevant scientific evidence can be complex and extensive, so expert judgment is frequently relied upon, without clear links to the evidence itself. We propose a new transparent process for incorporating research evidence into policy decisions, involving independent synopsis
Large plants are often more conspicuous and more attractive for associated animals than small plants, e.g. due to their wider range of resources. Therefore, plant size can positively affect species richness of associated animals, as shown for single groups of herbivores, but studies usually consider intraspecific size differences of plants in unstandardised environments. As comprehensive tests of
The integrated dynamic ecosystem model ForSAFE-VEG was used to estimate critical loads for nitrogen using different chemical and biological criteria, and attempting to account for possible effects of climate change. The study is based on a model application on sites used for critical loads assessments in Sweden and France, focusing on the ecological effect of nitrogen pollution. To assess critical
The integrated model WORLD and Hubbert's model were used for assessment of future supply for different metals: iron, nickel, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, rhenium, zir- conium, tungsten, cobalt, copper, zinc, lead, aluminium and the technology metals derived from copper ezinc mining (tellurium, selenium, gallium, indium, antimony, bismuth, tin, germanium, selenium). The conne
The properties of iron (Fe) complexes and compounds in the environment influence several central processes, e.g., iron uptake, adsorption/desorption of contaminants and nutrients, and redox transformations, as well as the fate of of natural organic matter (NOM). It is thus important to characterize Fe species in environmental samples. Synchrotron-based extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXA
There is growing interest in the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for ecological restoration. Numerous commercial AMF products are now available and are often used in preference to collecting indigenous AMF in treating restoration plants. Commercial AMF products are typically based on AMF strains exotic to the plant species and locations where they are used. We treated rooted cuttings of
Pollination contributes to an estimated one third of global food production, through both the improvement of the yield and the quality of crops. Volatile compounds emitted by crop flowers mediate plant-pollinator interactions, but differences between crop varieties are still little explored. We investigated whether the visitation of crop flowers is determined by variety-specific flower volatiles u
This paper investigates the interactive relationships among China energy price shocks, stock market, and themacroeconomy using multivariate vector autoregression.The results indicate that there is a long cointegration among them. A 1% rise in the energy price index can depress the stock market index by 0.54% and the industrial value-adding growth by 0.037%. Energy price shocks also cause inflation
The critical levels for ozone effects on vegetation have been reviewed and revised by the LRTAP Convention. Eight new or revised critical levels based on the accumulated stomatal flux of ozone (POD gamma, the Phytotoxic Ozone Dose above a threshold flux of Y nmol m(-2) PLA s(-1), where PLA is the projected leaf area) have been agreed. For each receptor, data were combined from experiments conducte
Soil phosphorus (P) composition changes with ecosystem development, leading to changes in P bioavailability and ecosystem properties. Little is known, however, about how soil P transformations proceed with ecosystem development in boreal regions. We used 1-dimensional P-31 and 2-dimensional H-1, P-31 correlation nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to characterise soil organic P transform
The aim of this project was to investigate how the properties of high expansion foam is affected when filling large enclosures using portable foam generators. The properties are investigated both by collecting the Swedish rescue services experiences on the matter through a survey and by five full scale tests. The main conclusions of the project is the impact which the amount of openings have on th
I detta examensarbete analyseras och diskuteras de omfattande förändringar inom rättsområdet grundläggande rättigheter som följt efter att Lissabonfördraget trädde i kraft den 1 december 2009. Arbetet är avgränsat till att beskriva de förändringar som art. 6.1 och art. 6.2 i Fördraget om Europeiska Unionen (FEU) inneburit. Enligt art. 6.1 ska den Europeiska Unionens Stadga om de Grundläggande RättThis thesis analyses and discusses some of the substantial changes brought about for the field of fundamental rights by virtue of the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty 1 December 2009; Art. 6(1) to the Treaty on European Union (TEU), according to which the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFREU) “shall have the same legal value as the Treaties” and Art. 6(2) TEU according t
Examensarbetet är utfört vid Lunds Tekniska Högskola, avdelningen för Teknisk Geologi i samarbete med Vattenfall Research and Development AB, med syfte att undersöka åldringsfenomen och nedbrytningsprocesser av kraftverkstunnlar i berg. Livslängden för kraftverkstunnlar antas normalt vara mellan 50 och 100 år, varför många kraftverkstunnlar idag uppnått en ålder på mer än 50 år. Kraftverkstunnlar
The following report contains a study over what happens with the proposals for action that is presented in fire investigations. Literature, 105 fire investigations and interviews were used to gather information. The literature shows that proposals for action are a natural conclusion in almost all investigation methods but little over half of the fire investigations present them and only a few had
Studiens syfte var att med en explorativ ansats undersöka och beskriva svenska afghanistansoldaters upplevelser och känslor kopplat till sin utlandstjänstgöring och att få en bredare bild med olika aspekter av hur detta upplevs av soldaterna själva. Syftet var även att låta soldaterna ge synpunkter på Försvarsmaktens rutiner i form av bl.a. förberedelser, akut stöd på plats och uppföljning. DessutThe purpose of the study was to use an explorative approach to examine and describe Swedish Afghanistan veterans’ experiences and emotions in connection with their service abroad, and to create a broader picture with different aspects of how this is experienced by the veterans themselves. The purpose was also to let the veterans share their view of the Swedish Department of Defense’s routines incl
Att diagnostisera en hörselnedsättning och inleda habilitering så tidigt som möjligt på små barn har visat sig vara av stor betydelse. Genom åren har flera olika diagnostiska metoder utvecklats får att kunna utföra hörselmätningar på små barn. I Linköping utarbetades 1996 ett datorstött mätsystem för barnaudiometri. Systemet är en variant av tittlådeaudiometri, Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA
Fitnesskulturen växte fram i USA och blomstrade under 1970-talet men har sedan dess spridit sig över hela världen. Idag hålls tävlingar och evenemang inom fitness i Sverige och fitnessbranschen växer sig större. Användningen av dopingpreparat förekommer i alla sporter och även inom fitnessbranschen. Den tidigare forskningen visar på studier som tar upp dopingpreparat som problem men i kontexten fi
The purpose of this report is to evaluate the fire safety in the commercial center Gränby. The project has been carried out as a part of the student’s education. The bases for the evaluation are three fire scenarios which have strategically been placed in the commercial center. The scenarios are simulated in the fire modeling program CFAST. The results have been analyzed and implemented in the egr
This study treats the municipal home care and customer choice. The customer choice model means that elderly people with home help services may be granted the opportunity to choose provider and therefore can choose between private and municipal providers. The purpose of this study is to investigate managers’ perceptions of how competition has affected the municipal home care activities, staff and u
