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Background: A slight increase in revisions for infected joint arthroplasties has been observed in the Nordic countries since 2000 for which the reasons are unclear. However, in 2007 a Swedish study of the timing for prophylactic antibiotics in a random sample of knee arthroplasties found that only 57% of the patients had received the antibiotic during the optimal time interval 45-15 minutes before
Electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria for the diagnosis of inferior myocardial infarction (IMI) have high specificity but low sensitivity. Vectorcardiographic IMI criteria attain higher sensitivity without sacrificing specificity. One approach to improving ECG interpretation is to synthesize VCG loops from the 12-lead ECG. The performance of synthesized VCG (SVCG) was assessed, using the Frank VCG c
The ability to understand packaging and how it contributes to the establishment of efficient logistics and the creation of individualised values for consumers is becoming increasingly important. This licentiate thesis stresses the importance of applying a holistic view of packaging in order to be able to understand how to adapt the distribution channel to meet consumer demands. The study focuses o
Human antibodies generated in vitro may be highly valuable for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. For a long time most human antibodies produced in vitro have been of the IgM isotype with rather low affinities. In this thesis a method for production of IgG switched antigen-specific human antibodies is presented. This is a two step protocol, in which the first step is a selection procedure of don
We deal with a natural integer-linear programming formulation of the routing and spectrum allocation (RSA) problem in elastic optical networks. We focus on strengthening the formulation with valid inequalities (cuts). For this purpose we apply clique inequalities that proved to be useful in other applications of this kind. We develop and combine a clique cut generation procedure with a column gene
Popular Abstract in Swedish Cancer i tjock- och ändtarmen är idag den tredje vanligaste formen av till döden ledande cancer i världen. Den är vanligast i de högindustrialise-rade delarna av världen: Europa, Nord-Amerika och Australien. Prognosen för den enskilde patienten är helt beroende på cancerns utbredning vid diagnostillfället. Cancerns utbredning bedöms idag enligt olika indelningsprincipeAim of the study Today´s methods for the staging of rectal carcinoma: ultrasonography with transrectal probe, CT, MRI or MRI with a rectal coil, all have limitations. The aim was therefore to develop a new, double-contrast MRI method for evaluation of rectal carcinoma. The idea was that a rectally applied contrast medium causing distension and signal void of the rectal lumen and an intravenous inj
Critical infrastructures provide society with services that are essential for its functioning and extensive disruptions of these give rise to large societal consequences. Vulnerability analysis gives important decision information concerning improving their ability to withstand strains. To analyze vulnerabilities in infrastructures models for estimating consequences due to failures are needed. Con
Laparoscopic surgery was introduced to minimize patient trauma. However, fatal technique specific complications, due to major vascular or visceral injury, were at times seen related to blind abdominal access using the Veress technique. A modified open access technique was developed and evaluated in 100 patients and found to be fast and easy to learn with few associated complications. This open te
Popular Abstract in Swedish I de flesta fall börjar knäledsförslitning i den inre ledkammaren (medial gonartros) och medför en successiv hjulbenthet (varus). I enstaka fall börjar förslitningen i den yttre ledkammaren (lateral gonartros) innebärande kobenthet (valgus). Personer över 60-65 år behandlas kirurgiskt oftast med knäledsprotes med bra resultat. Hos yngre, mer aktiva, är denna metod sämreOsteotomy is used for correction of the altered load on the gonarthrotic knee joint. It can be performed above or below the knee. Clinical results depend on the correction after bone healing. By tibial closed wedge osteotomy (HTO), the deformity is corrected peroperatively in contrast to tibial hemicallotasis osteotomy (HCO) where the correction is performed after surgery. Comparing the two method
This report describes the work carried out within the research project ``Merging Real-Time and Control Theory for Improving the Performance of Embedded Control Systems''. The overall objective of the work has been to develop integrated control and scheduling methods for improving the performance of real-time control systems with limited resources. The work has fallen into three categories. First,
We study the dynamic admission control for a finite shared buffer with support of multiclass traffic under Markovian assumptions. The problem is often referred to as buffer sharing in the literature. From the linear programming (LP) formulation of the continuous-time Markov decision process (MDP), we construct a hierarchy of increasingly stronger LP relaxations where the hierarchy levels equal the
Popular Abstract in Swedish Att mäta och beskriva självantändning vid förblandad kompressionsantändning (HCCI) HCCI-förbränning går ut på att luft och bränsle blandas, och komprimeras i en kolvmotor tills blandningen självantänder. På grund av den snabba förbränningen med det här konceptet förloras mindre värmeenergi, och verkningsgraden blir därför högre än för vanliga bensin- och dieselmotorer. HCCI is an advanced combustion concept, using premixed fuel and air with a diluted charge. This is thermodynamically favorable, leading to high efficiency and therefore lower CO2 emissions. The well-premixed and diluted fuel charge gives lower cylinder temperatures than conventional diesel compression ignition and spark ignited gasoline combustion, resulting in low engine out emissions of both nit
We report on a setup for the investigation of proton acceleration in the regime of target normal sheath acceleration. The main interest here is to focus on stable laser beam parameters as well as a reliable target setup and diagnostics in order to do extensive and systematic studies on the acceleration mechanism. A motorized target alignment system in combination with large target mounts allows fo
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by a specific chromosome translocation, and its pathobiology is considered comparatively well understood. Thus, quantitative analysis of CML and its progression to blast crisis may help elucidate general mechanisms of carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Hitherto, it has been widely postulated that CML blast crisis originates mainly via cell-autono
Brain machine interfaces with chronically implanted microelectrode arrays for signal acquisition require algorithms for successful detection and classification of neural spikes. During the design of such algorithms, signals with a priori known characteristics need to be present. A common way to establish such signals is to model the recording environment, simulate the recordings and store ground t
Background: The next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order ((NLO)-L-3) nuclear energy density functional extends the standard Skyrme functional with new terms depending on higher-order derivatives of densities, introduced to gain better precision in the nuclear many-body calculations. A thorough study of the transformation properties of the functional with respect to different symmetries is required as
