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Introduction: Equity in access to and utilization of health services is a common goal of policy-makers in most countries. The current study aimed to evaluate the distribution of need and access to health care services among Iran's rural population between 2006 and 2009. Methods: Census data on population's characteristics in each province were obtained from the Statistical Centre of Iran and Natio
Loss of immune function and an increased incidence of myeloid leukemia are two of the most clinically significant consequences of aging of the hematopoietic system. To better understand the mechanisms underlying hematopoietic aging, we evaluated the cell intrinsic functional and molecular properties of highly purified long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) from young and old mice. We found t
Popular Abstract in Swedish Det finns en skillnad mellan historia som vetenskap och historia som historiskt minne, som boken vill fästa uppmärksamhet på. Ådalen som motbild till det trygga Folkhemmet är en bild av hur vi kan uppleva verkligheten. Inte nödvändigtvis hur den såg ut. Vår uppfattning om vad som hänt kan vaa nog så verklig när vi handlar, agerar och tolkar omvärlden. Det är denna tolknThe prelude to this thesis is provided by the dramatic scenes that took place in Ådalen. During a demonstration, four men and one young woman were shot to death and five others injured by military troops ordered to Lunde harbour. Inspired by a number of other researchers (Koselleck, Samuel, Somers, Stråth, Södring, Jensen and Burke, to name a few), my investigation has analysed how the story of th
This short encyclopedia article looks at the nomenclature and organizing logics of the field of mass media research. Four 'schools' of research are highlighted: the mainstream social science legacy, the various critical traditions, the culturalist perspective, and policy horizons.
Mergers of autonomous executive authorities in central government have become increasingly common, in particular in the Nordic countries. As compared to private sector mergers, the role of the principal (the central Government and its ministries) is more obscure in these mergers, this chapter argues. When problems arise in a merger, the ministry can take a step back and shift to a stakeholder posi
Decision making is a dynamic process. Alternatives compete over time, and this competition plays out in sensorimotor processes. This is true not just for perceptual decisions or simple categorisation tasks, but also for moral decisions, which are the outcome of a complex interplay of intuition, emotion and reasoning. In this experiment, we first establish a descriptive and causal link between gaze
Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of a bush and numerous branches of Chinese Longjing tea were investigated remotely with lidar techniques. The intensity ratio between the far red fluorescence (FRF) and red fluorescence (RF) due to the chlorophyll content of the tea branches were analyzed to study the growth conditions in different villages around Hangzhou, China. Dried Longjing tea leaves
This case-control study of tobacco smoking and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), emphasizing specific associations with morphologic and cytogenetic subtypes, comprised smoking histories for 333 cases and 351 controls. Smoking status (ever smokers versus life-long non-smokers) showed no evident effect on AML risk. However, an effect of smoking was indicated at high cumulative smoking doses (pack-years)
The routine recommendation to women to count fetal movements daily during late pregnancy for the prevention of antepartum late fetal death in normally formed singletons has been evaluated. 68,000 women were randomly allocated within thirty-three pairs of clusters either to a policy of routine counting or to standard care, which might involve selective use of formal counting or informal noting of m
Observations show that radial metallicity gradients in disk galaxies are relatively shallow, if not flat, especially at large galactocentric distances and for galaxies in the high-redshift universe. Given that star formation and metal production are centrally concentrated, this requires a mechanism to redistribute metals. However, the nature of this mechanism is poorly understood, let alone quanti
A developing system must be able to learn new things without forgetting what it has learned before. It should be capable of reacting in different ways to the same stimuli in different contexts. Context sensitive reinforcement learning, which parallels some of the functions of the basal ganglia, is a learning algorithm that fulfills this requirement when the context is explicitly given. Here, we ex
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