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Vehicular communication channels are characterized by a non-stationary time- and frequency-selective fading process due to fast changes in the environment. We characterize the distribution of the envelope of the first delay bin in vehicle-to-vehicle channels by means of its Rician $K$-factor. We analyze the time–frequency variability of this channel parameter using vehicular channel measurements a
Agricultural management and vegetation complexity affect arthropod diversity and may alter trophic interactions between predators and their prey. Web-building spiders are abundant generalist predators and important natural enemies of pests. We analyzed how management intensity (tillage, cutting of the vegetation, grazing by cattle, and synthetic and organic inputs) and vegetation complexity (plant
Our aim was to examine the effect of water stress on plant growth and development of two native plant species (Tetraclinis articulata and Crithmum maritimum) and on microbial community composition and activity in the rhizosphere soil, following the addition of an organic amendment, namely sugar beet residue (SBR), and/or the inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, namely Glomus mos
We used an extensive dataset (1220 vegetation plots of 1 m(2)) to study vegetation gradients and fine-scale plant diversity in dry calcareous grasslands (including alvar grasslands) in the Baltic Sea region. The study area covers the entire European distributional range of alvar habitats: Sweden (Oland, Gotland, Gotaland), Estonia (Saaremaa, Hiiumaa, north Estonia, west Estonia), and western Russi
This thesis captures the effect of social capital measured as social and institutional trust on a reduction of absolute poverty. The indicators of social capital are captured through the construction of a database of subjective well-being measures. Poverty is indicated using the Watt’s index which measures the mean proportionate poverty gap for those living under the extreme poverty line of $1.90
As cities increasingly turn to nature-based solutions (NBS) as panaceas for addressing climate challenges and other social, economic, and environmental issues, questions of urban governance and justice have become more prominent. While much of the existing literature on NBS justice assessments focuses on distributional aspects through quantitative methods, procedural justice remains underexplored,
I dagens medicinsktekniska förlossningskultur är det viktigt att det finns tillgång till alternativ smärtlindring såsom bad. För att kartlägga vilka möjligheter kvinnor har att använda sig av bad som förlossningssmärtlindring skickades en enkät till avdelningsföreståndarna på samtliga förlossningskliniker i Sverige. Svarsfrekvensen var 100 %. Tillgång på bad som förlossningssmärtlindring ansåg 88
The European Court of Justice was established in 1951, with the purpose of interpretating the Treaty of Rome. Since then, the Court has constantly refined and expanded its parameters, thereby becoming an important catalyst for the integrational process of the European Community, expanding and pushing integration forward in every field of Community life. The Court´s case law is a manifestation of i
Vid till- och nybyggnation i detaljplanerade områden finns det ett antal punkter som måste vara uppfyllda för att bygglov ska beviljas. Detta omfattar bland annat att ansökan ska följa gällande detaljplan samt att de krav och skyddsbestämmelser som finns i Plan- och bygglag (2010:900) ska vara uppfyllda. Ett av dessa krav är anpassningskravet i 2 kap. 6 § 1p PBL. Denna uppsats syftar till att geWhen granting a building permit for changes in detailed development areas, such as alterations and new construction, several requirements must be met. The application must comply with the detailed development plan, but also that the applicable regulations regarding the requirements and protective provisions are complied with. One of these requirements is the adaptation requirement (anpassningskrav
While studies on the relationship between health, income, healthcare spending and productivity is generally consistent, little attention has been brought to the regional contexts. Meanwhile, a country like Sweden who is generally known for a well-established healthcare system and welfare state, experiences increasing regional disparities. This thesis investigates the relationship between health, i
Det fjärde globala målet i 2030 års agenda för hållbar utveckling handlar om God utbildning för alla och syftar till att "säkerställa en inkluderande och likvärdig utbildning av god kvalitet och främja livslångt lärande för alla". Globalt sett ökar antalet studenter vid universitet och högskolor. Dock ligger regionen söder om Sahara långt efter och har med sina 9% den lägsta bruttoinskriThe fourth goal of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development regards Quality education, aiming to “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all". Globally, enrollment in university education is increasing. However, the sub-Saharan Africa region is lacking behind and with 9% it has the lowest global gross enrollment rate (GER). Low inco
Tramways are a sustainable and accessible mode for public transport. They promote urban development and contribute to a more attractive city. Light rail, but also public transport as a whole, is an important part of society as it is accessible to everyone and reduces the amount of cars needed. The two tramlines in Norrköping account for two thirds of public transport travel in the city. The purpos
Ett förändrat omvärldsläge med en mångfald av globala utmaningar har satt strålkastarljuset på riskkommunikation. Det ansvaret faller till stor del på våra offentliga myndigheter, vars syfte är att förbereda och skydda allmänheten. Men hur väl når deras budskap ut? Denna fråga är särskilt relevant för unga vuxna, som har mindre erfarenhet av kriser men samtidigt är framtidens generation och därförA changing environment with a multitude of global challenges has put the spotlight on risk communication. This responsibility falls largely on our public authorities, whose purpose is to prepare and protect the public. But how well do they get their message across? This question is particularly relevant for young adults, who have less experience of crises but are the generation of the future and t
Upplevt socialt stöd, självkännedom och självmedkänsla är faktorer som tidigare visat sig hänga samman med tonåringars livstillfredsställelse och psykiska ohälsa i flera tvärsnittsstudier. Denna studie hade för avsikt att undersöka hur de ovan nämnda variablerna förhåller sig till varandra över tre år och om sambanden mellan socialt stöd och livstillfredsställelse respektive psykisk ohälsa medieraPerceived social support, self-awareness and self-compassion are factors that have previously been shown to be associated with adolescent life-satisfaction and psychological distress in cross-sectional studies. The aim of this study was to examine how these variables relate to each other over three years and whether the relationship between perceived social support and well-being, as well as psych
Pollinator-mediated reproductive interactions among co-flowering plant species are prime examples of how species interactions may affect fitness and community assembly. Despite considerable interest in these issues, statistical methods for assessing signal of reproductive interactions in observational data on co-flowering species are currently lacking. We propose a flexible method for quantifying
Questions: How do mat thickness, physical structure and allelopathic properties of terricolous mat-forming lichens affect recruitment of vascular plants in dwarf-shrub and lichen heath vegetation?. Location: The mountains of Dovrefjell, central Norway. Methods: In autumn, seeds of ten vascular plant species were collected and sown in a common garden experiment with mats of six lichen species and b
Seed dormancy is considered to be an adaptive strategy in seasonal and/or unpredictable environments because it prevents germination during climatically favorable periods that are too short for seedling establishment. Tropical dry forests are seasonal environments where seed dormancy may play an important role in plant resilience and resistance to changing precipitation patterns. We studied the ge
Premise of the Study: Turnover in biotic communities across heterogeneous landscapes is expected to lead to variation in interactions among plants, their mutualists, and their antagonists. Across a fragmented landscape in northern Costa Rica, populations of the euphorb vine Dalechampia scandens vary widely in mating systems and associated blossom traits. Previous work suggested that populations ar
