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This thesis explores the effects of institutional arrangements for innovation in clusters. Clusters have become one of the most popular concepts in innovation policy studies in recent years. They have been ascribed as places with structures that reduce transaction costs, and enable innovation processes due to the prevalence of different types of externalities. The focus of this dissertation is on
We present a new algorithm to calculate the near-field distribution of scattered light of multiple nanospheres based on recursive order-of-scattering (OS) and the matrix inversion approaches, which avoids the divergent problem encountered in origin OS method at the resonance condition. Using this method, we investigate the light-transport properties of linear chains of Ag nanospheres. We found a m
BACKGROUND: The role of sleeping problems in the causal pathway between job strain and musculoskeletal pain is not clear. Purpose: To investigate the impact of sleeping problems and job strain on the one-year risk for neck, shoulder, and lumbar pain. METHOD: A prospective study, using self-administered questionnaires, of a healthy cohort of 4,140 vocationally active persons ages 45-64, residing in
Microglia respond to focal cerebral ischemia by increasing their production of the neuromodulatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor, which exists both as membrane-anchored tumor necrosis factor and as cleaved soluble tumor necrosis factor forms. We previously demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor knockout mice display increased lesion volume after focal cerebral ischemia, suggesting that tumor nec
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate activity limitations before and after carpal tunnel release among patients with and without diabetes, to explore differences between genders and the influence of grip strength on activity limitations. DESIGN: Prospective case-control study. PATIENTS: Thirty-three patients with diabetes and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were age and gender matched with 30 patients without d
Background Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become an established therapeutic option for patients with symptomatic, severe aortic valve stenosis (AS) who are ineligible or at high risk for conventional valvular surgery. In Northwestern Europe, the TAVR technology is also increasingly used to treat patients with an intermediate risk profile. Methods and results The study was design
Background Long-term outcome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation including late transplant-related events is of increasing interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of cardiovascular events after allogeneic HSCT and to search for their risk factors. Design and Methods This is a retrospective mutlicenter European Group of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) analysi
A search for a charged Higgs boson (H+) in t (t) over bar decays is presented, where one of the top quarks decays via t -> H(+)b, followed by H+ -> two jets (c (s) over bar). The other top quark decays to Wb, where the W boson then decays into a lepton (e/mu) and a neutrino. The data were recorded in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2011, and correspond to an int
The increased adoption of flexible work arrangements and changes in the habits and behaviors of employees since the COVID-19 pandemic have prompted companies to adapt their policies to accommodate these developments in the conditions of work. Despite being pioneers in flexible work arrangements, companies in Sweden still need to continuously refine their policies to meet the changing needs of thei
Syftet med denna uppsats är att visa hur staden Lagos har vuxit i storlek och ökat i befolkning mellan åren 1990-2008. Jämförelser över staden för åren 1990, 1999 och 2008 har gjorts så att huvudragen i stadens tillväxt har kunnat visas och analyseras. Baserat på hur staden har vuxit och förändrats under dessa år så har även tre stycken framtidsmodeller för hur Lagos kan tänkas se ut år 2020 produThe aim of this thesis is to show how the city of Lagos has grown in size and population between the years 1990-2008. Comparisons over the city for the years 1990, 1999 and 2008 have been made so that the main characteristics of the city’s growth can be shown and analyzed. Based on this expansion future prospects for the city has been provided through producing three different scenarios on how Lag
