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Migrant women facing domestic violence in the Council of Europe have been traditionally characterised, except in some national countries, as not having any legal possibility to leave the situation with proper resources, or being able to guarantee their stay in the country they are living. Since the approval of the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and
Varumärkesrätten har alltid varit territoriell till sin natur, vilket har inneburit att skyddet som en innehavare av rättigheten ges enbart har varit begränsat till ett specifikt land. Denna territorialitet har visat sig vara svår att förena med Internets gränslösa och allestädes närvarande natur. I denna uppsats har jag utrett och diskuterat frågor som uppkommer vid gränsöverskridande varumärkesiTrademark law has always been territorially limited by its nature which has lead to the situation where the protection, granted to the owner of the right to a specific mark, has been limited to that specific territory. This territorial aspect has proven to be hard to reconcile with the borderless and ubiquitous nature of the Internet. In this thesis I have examined and discussed issues that arise
Popular Abstract in Swedish Föräldrars involvering i skolan har under de senaste decennierna betonats allt mer i skoldebatten. Länge betraktades skolutbildning som enbart ett samhälleligt ansvar, vilket ofta medförde ett markerat avståndstagande från familjen och föräldrarna. Likt andra samhälleliga servicefunktioner har emellertid också skolan i sitt förhållande till sina användare undergått en fOver the last two decades, educational reforms have stimulated an enormous growth in innovative school thinking, effecting both independent schools and mainstream education. Parents and interest groups, previously excluded from general pedagogic practice and planning, are now faced with new opportunities and responsibilities. Parents “invest” in these newly won options in very different ways. Fail
Popular Abstract in Swedish Nästan alla träd i våra skogar lever i samspel (symbios) med svampar. Många av dessa är ”vanliga” svampar, sådana som vi är vana vid att se och plocka i naturen, (exempelvis soppar, kremlor, riskor, flugsvampar och kantareller) men det finns också de som inte bildar fruktkroppar, eller har fruktkroppar som vi inte ser. Fruktkropparna, de som kan hamna i svampkorgen, är Elevated nitrogen (N) deposition is an environmental problem that can affect plants and microorganisms, which are vital for the terrestrial N and carbon (C) cycles. This thesis has investigated the response of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) to increased N deposition. Ectomycorrhizal fungi form mutualistic interactions with the roots of woody plants, including almost all boreal and temperate forests
Context. The solar vicinity is currently populated by a mix of stars with various chemo-dynamic properties, including stars with a high metallicity compared to the Sun. Dynamical processes such as churning and blurring are expected to relocate such metal-rich stars from the inner Galaxy to the solar region. Aims. We report the identification of a set of old super-metal-rich (+0.15 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ +0.50
Over the last decade, the private insurance market has undergone a stable growth in turnover and growing demand for insurance products in all Member States of the European Union. Therefore, the creation of a single market in insurance will enable consumers to have access to wider choice of insurance products, and insurance companies to gain access to markets in various Member States and compete ef
Non-harmonized direct taxes fall within the Member States' competence. This means that the Member States are free to develop their own tax systems, as long as there is no Community harmonisation. But since the freedom of establishment (and other rights under the EC Treaty) could be disturbed by national tax law, this competence must be exercised in consistency with Community law to avoid any d
Key performance indexes (KPIs) in various forms have always been used in one way or another in the production and processing of raw materials. The need for KPIs was accentuated with the advent of industrialism in the western world. The way and strategy of manufacturing industrial products has been divided into several so-called developmental transformations. Primarily after the depression of the 1
Popular Abstract in Swedish Immunsystemet skyddar kroppen mot infektion. För att kunna skydda mot infektion krävs att immunsystemet är utrustat med kraftfulla biokemiska motmedel. Ett sådant motmedel är antikroppar. Antikroppar är proteiner som känner igen och specifikt binder till andra molekyler via en s k molekylbindande klyfta. När antikropparna har bundit in till en molekyl på t ex en bakteriPrimary infections and vaccination stimulates the immunesystem to produce memory cells that rapidly respond to reexposure of the same antigen. These memory responses are dependent on an adaptive type of immunity that sustains the reactivity of the immune system by long-lived memory immune cells. From an evolutionary perspective adaptive immunity as such appears to be restricted to jawed vertebrate
With her 1953 debut Anna Rydstedt (1928-1994) immediately became part of a strong tradition of Swedish women poets, a tradition represented by authors such as Karin Boye and Edith Södergran. The debut was a furious attack on those who had thwarted her attempts to become a minister in the Church of Sweden. Rydstedt’s poetry is always existential, both in its content and process. Writing, for her, i
Målet med denna studie är att ge ökad insikt i hur väl geoelektriska under-sökningar i en heterogen berggrund kan avbilda geologiska strukturer för att kunna vidare¬utveckla och anpassa framtida bergundersökningar.En ”bra” prognos av bergkvalitet ger bättre möjligheter till minskad risknivå vid projektering och upphandling. Omvänt gäller att osäkerheter i bergtekniska prognoser vad gäller bergets The aim of this project is to enhance the understanding of how geoelectrical investigations in a heterogeneous rock mass can image geological structures in order to develop and adapt future rock assessment methods.A "good" rock quality forecast provides better opportunities for reduced risk level in the design and procurement phases of a construction project. Conversely, uncertainties in a forecas
Whole blood is rich in information about the physical state of an individual and is routinely used in a variety of clinical and research applications. In this thesis, the use of a microfluidic technique called acoustophoresis for separation of different blood components is explored. Acoustophoresis uses an ultrasonic standing wave field to manipulate cells in a microfluidic device. Cells within th
Carbohydrates are involved in many cellular processes, and most biomolecules are glycosylated. Thesemodifications are used in biological systems as information carriers, helping regulate organization on the cell surfaceand interactions between cells and the environment. Galectins are a family of carbohydrate binding proteins thatbind to polysaccharides containing a galactose. Galectins have the abCarbohydrates are involved in many cellular processes, and most biomolecules are glycosylated. Thesemodifications are used in biological systems as information carriers, helping regulate organization on the cell surfaceand interactions between cells and the environment. Galectins are a family of carbohydrate binding proteins thatbind to polysaccharides containing a galactose. Galectins have the ab
The global society is dependent on transportation to function and a big part of these transports are driven by an internal combustion engine. Heavy-duty vehicles utilizes conventional diesel combustion is a combustion concept where the fuel is often ignited during the injection event and while it gives a high combustion efficiency, the combustion mode is also characterized by high emission of NOx
All hematopoietic cells originate from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) residing in the BM. The process of differentiation, through which HSCs generate progenitors and subsequently mature blood cells has been extensively studied but many of the regulatory mechanisms involved remains elusive. The classical model for hematopoiesis has been established based on the identification of common myeloid prec
We evaluate the capability of the global atmospheric transport model TM5 to simulate the boundary layer dynamics and associated variability of trace gases close to the surface, using radon (222Rn). Focusing on the European scale, we compare the boundary layer height (BLH) in the TM5 model with observations from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admnistration (NOAA) Integrated Global Radiosonde
Abstract:This doctoral thesis is addresses two topics in integrated circuit design: multiband direct conversion cellular receivers for cellular frequencies and beam steering transmitters for millimeter wave communication for the cellular backhaul. The trend towards cellular terminals supporting ever more different frequency bands has resulted in complex radio frontends with a large number of RF in
The savanna ecosystem is one of the most dominant and complex terrestrial biomes, deriving from a distinct vegetative surface comprised of co-dominant tree and grass populations. While these two vegetation types co-exist functionally, demographically they are not static but are dynamically changing in response to environmental forces such as annual fire events and rainfall variability. Modelling s
The French court dress Le grand habit, worn at many European courts during the 18th century, was introduced in Sweden in the 1740’s by the crown princess Lovisa Ulrika, sister to Fredric II of Prussia. The robe de cour remained the official ceremonial dress for women at the Swedish court until Gustavus III launched the Swedish National Costume in 1778. The four robes de cour preserved in the Royal
In laser-wakefield acceleration (LWFA), a femtosecond laser pulse is tightly focused in a gas to intensities exceeding 1018 W/cm2 . The laser radiation ionizes the medium and excites a plasma wave that travels behind the laser pulse. Electrons can be trapped in the oscillations in the plasma density, where electric fields of the order of several hundreds of GV/m accelerate them to relativistic ene
