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Treaties are the most important source of international law, but treaties are only binding when in force, and only with respect to the nations that have expressly agreed to become parties to them. The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, from 1969, is the ''treaty on treaties''. The rules on reservations in the Vienna Convention, articles 19 to 23, govern the situation where p
Thesis purpose: The purpose of the master thesis is to examine what affects Generation Y’s values, attitudes and beliefs towards the fair trade label and ecological quality labels. The purpose is also to investigate how these two quality labels are received by Generation Y, in order to delve deeper into the relationship between the labels. This research will contribute with new insights about Gene
Popular Abstract in German Spannungsgesteuerte Kalziumkanäle haben eine große Bedeutung in vielen elektrisch erregbaren Zellen, wie z.B. in Nervenzellen und pankreatischen beta-Zellen. Hier werden sie folgendermaßen aktiviert: In der Nahrung enthaltener Traubenzucker (Glukose) wird nach einer Mahlzeit über den Blutstrom im Körper verteilt und in die beta-Zellen über Glukosetransporter aufgenommen.Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are essential transducers of cellular signals in many electrically excitable cells. In the pancreatic beta-cell they mediate controlled Ca2+ influx, which is the final trigger for Ca2+ dependent release (exocytosis) of the blood glucose lowering hormone insulin. Several subtypes of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are known and the L-type has been found to be the main contri
The work presented in this thesis focuses on developing methods of measuring moisture properties at high moisture levels. Paper I deal with a new method of measuring moisture diffusivity at high moisture levels. Papers II to IV present methods of measuring moisture storage capacity as well as results from such measurements. Paper V evaluates the use of thermal imaging to measure transient moisture
The incidence of Diabetes Mellitus increases globally in epidemic proportions. Type 2 Diabetes is the most prevalent form of Diabetes, comprising 90% of the patients. In Type 2 Diabetes, two processes contribute to the development of the disease: insufficient insulin secretion from the pancreatic ?-cell and insulin resistance of the target organs. This leads to loss of control of blood glucose lev
Brämhults Juice AB is a Swedish company producing fresh juice for the Scandinavian market. Fresh juice is rich in taste but has limited durability and must be treated with special care throughout the whole supply chain. Not only will the quality of the product be affected if mistreated, but there are also contamination risks meaning that people actually could get sick, although the risk is very sm
Surface display in insect cells: Systems available for surface display that utilize bacterial phages are insufficient for displaying a number of eukaryotic proteins. By instead presenting proteins on the surface of eukaryotic cells or virus, some of these problems might be overcome. The baculovirus/insect cell system, which has a high expression rate and post-translational mashinery closely resemb
The design and analysis of specular radar absorbing materials are investigated throughout the dissertation. Although the topic has been investigated for more than 60 years by many researchers and numerous designs have been proposed, still many technical challenges are remained unanswered. The basic questions are, e.g., the optimal thickness of a design, the possibility of utilization of unconventi
In the domain of current spatial semiotics two important, but also radically different, approaches can be distinguished as modelling the co-operative agency of human, material and legal properties of space, namely that of Manar Hammad’s and that of Bruno Latour’s. Hammad, being a semiotician, more true to the Greimasian heritage, regards a finite set of principal actantial types (owners, visitors,
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous blood disease which is characterized by different mutations and chromosomal rearrangements. Nearly 60% of genetic alterations have been found in AML patients involve in signaling pathways including signaling of tyrosine kinase receptor FLT3. FLT3 mutations emerged as one of the most common mutations in AML which represent around 35% of all AML
Inflammatory airway diseases and lower respiratory tract infections are leading causes of severe illness, disability and death worldwide. Much of today´s hypotheses about the underlying inflammatory processes and pathogenic contribution by immune cells come from in vitro experiments or animal models. As a consequence, our knowledge of the actual immunopathological events in real patient tissues is
Background: In prostate cancer (PCa), questions remain on indications for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and PSMA radioligand therapy, integration of advanced imaging in nomogram-based decision-making, dosimetry, and development of new theranostic applications. Objective: We aimed to critically review developments in molecular hybrid imaging an
Land cover governs biogeophysical and biogeochemical feedbacks between the land surface and atmosphere. Holocene vegetation-atmosphere interactions are of particular interest, both to understand the climate effects of intensifying human land use and as a possible explanation for the Holocene Conundrum, a widely studied mismatch between simulated and reconstructed temperatures. Progress addressing
Phosphorus (P) is a critical macronutrient for plant growth, often limiting plant production in areas where plant demand is higher than soil supply. In contrast to nitrogen (N), P cannot be sourced from the atmosphere; therefore, where it is rare, it becomes a strong constraint on primary production. Due to this, most dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) are incorporating a prognostic P cycle
Historically, aerosols of anthropogenic origin have offset some of the warming from increased atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. The strength of this negative aerosol forcing, however, is highly uncertain-especially the part originating from cloud-aerosol interactions. An important part of this uncertainty originates from our lack of knowledge about pre-industrial aerosols and how many of
I denna uppsats undersöks uppfinningshöjdskriteriet inom svensk patenträtt. De centrala frågorna som behandlas i uppsatsen är vad detta kriterium innebär och hur det har tillämpats av svenska domstolar, hur EPO:s och UPC:s uppfinningshöjdsbedömningar skiljer sig åt, samt vilken betydelse UPC:s metod för att fastställa uppfinningshöjd kan få för svensk rättstillämpning framöver. Dessa frågor besvarThis thesis examines the inventive step criterion in Swedish patent law. The main issues addressed are what this criterion entails and how it has been applied by Swedish courts, how the inventive step assessments of the EPO and UPC differ, and what significance the UPC’s method for determining inventive step may have for Swedish legal practice in the future. These questions are explored through an
Northern forest ecosystems make up an important part of the global carbon cycle. Hence, monitoring local-scale gross primary production (GPP) of northern forest is essential for understanding climatic change impacts on terrestrial carbon sequestration and for assessing and planning management practices. Here we evaluate and compare four methods for estimating GPP using Sentinel-2 data in order to
Dying in older persons precedes often by a prolonged period of frailty and multimorbidity. The global increase in the aged population means more death at an older age and highlights the need to integrate palliative care in elderly care. Knowledge-based palliative care is lacking outside the specialist units, for which reason there is insufficient access to palliative care for older persons. Thus t
The number of users and the information transmitted over wireless networks have been growing constantly during the last decades. Nowadays, the pace of this growth is extremely sharp because of the new applications which heavily rely on wireless networks to meet users' demands. Wireless networks infrastructures are constantly developing to meet these demands. Massive multiple-input multiple-output
