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It is a universally acknowledged truth that the right to strike is one of the fundamentals of labour law. But what is it exactly? To what extent should it be protected and, thus, which limits are permissible?To find a unique answer to those questions is an uneasy task. In the contemporary multilevel legal framework the right to strike is regulated by a variety of provisions, moving from internatio
The main objective of this study is to introduce the new Sandvik’s production cost-model within Crushing & Screening (C&S) technology. So far, there have been different ways of determining different production costs in the industry, however, the previously published and presented methods have not been very efficient in calculating the costs per product and metric ton. Accordingly, the curr
Introduction: Copper (Cu) is an essential element involved in biological processes; however, excessive Cu could be harmful because of its reactive nature. Very few studies have evaluated its potential neurotoxic effects. We aimed to evaluate the association between maternal Cu levels and children's neuropsychological development. Methods: Study subjects were mother-child pairs from the Spanish INM
Background: Prenatal exposure to mixtures of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) has the potential to disrupt human metabolism. Prenatal periods are especially sensitive as many developmental processes are regulated by hormones. Prenatal exposure to EDCs has inconsistently been associated with children's body mass index (BMI) and obesity. The objective of this study was to investigate if prenatal
Soil physicochemical properties and macropore spatial structure affect saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks). However, due to regional differences and long measurement time, Ks is tedious to quantify. Therefore, it is of great importance to find simplified but robust methods to predict Ks. One possibility is to use pedo-transfer functions (PTFs). Along this line, stratified sampling was carried ou
This work has focused on studying the in-cylinder pressure fluctuations caused by rapid HCCI combustion and determine what they consist of. Inhomogeneous autoignition sets up pressure waves traversing the combustion chamber. These pressure waves induce high gas velocities which causes increased heat transfer to the walls or in worst case engine damage. In order to study the pressure fluctuations a
The present thesis addresses three issues related to proteinaceous films at solid/liquid interfaces: adsorption, lubrication and enzymatic interactions. Most of the work has been devoted to oral systems. In addition, gelatin has been investigated as a model protein. Salivary protein adsorption from human whole saliva (HWS) onto hydroxyapatite (HA) and silica has been characterised using ellipsome
Chemiluminescent (CL) enzyme-based flow-through microchip biosensors (mu-biosensors) for detection of glucose and ethanol were developed for the purpose of monitoring real-time production and release of glucose and ethanol from microchip immobilised yeast cells. Part I of this study focuses on the development and optimisation of the mu-biosensors in a microfluidic sequential injection analysis (mu
Extensive field measurements have been performed at three CarboEurope-Integrated Project forest sites with different topography (Renon/Ritten, Italian Alps, Italy; Wetzstein, Thuringia, Germany; Norunda, Uppland, Sweden) to evaluate the relevant terms of the carbon balance by measuring CO2 concentrations [CO2] and the wind field in a 3D multi-tower cube setup. The same experimental setup (geometry
Bitumen och dess egenskaper har länge ansetts vara den viktigaste faktorn för en asfalts funktion. Egenskaperna som finns är hos bitumen är relativt enkla att kontrollera. Eftersom egenskaperna är relativt lätta att kontrollera och mycket kunskap redan finns om bitumen har dess egenskaper ansetts vara det som är avgörande gällande hur en asfaltbeläggning kommer att agera då den brukas. MätmetodernBitumen and its properties have long been considered the most important factor in the function of asphalt. The attributes that are present in bitumen are relatively easy to control. Since the attributes are relatively easy to control and a lot of knowledge already exists of bitumen its attributes are considered to be the decisive factor in how an asphalt coating will act when it is being used. The
Uppsatsen belyser den problematik som omfamnar ensamkommande barns rätt till uppehållstillstånd i Sverige genom synnerligen ömmande omständigheter, särskilt med tanke på lagändringen i december 2023 som gör det svårare för barn att få uppehållstillstånd beviljat. Detta bekräftas även av statistiken som visar att en betydande minskning av beviljade ansökningar skett året efter lagändringen. UtvecklThe essay highlights the issues surrounding unaccompanied minors' right to residence in Sweden under "particularly distressing circumstances," especially in light of the legislative change in december 2023 that makes it more difficult for children to be granted residence permits. This is confirmed by statistics showing a significant decrease in approved applications in the year follo
Satsningen på vindkraft som en del av Sveriges gröna omställning har lett till ökade etableringar i Sápmi, med konsekvenser för den samiska kulturen. Samiska företrädare har kopplat denna exploatering till det historiska fråntagandet av samisk mark och benämnt detta som grön kolonialism. Samtidigt är samerna särskilt drabbade av de klimatförändringar vindkraften är tänkt att motverka. Denna uppsaThe expansion of wind power as part of Sweden’s green transition has led to increased development in Sápmi, with consequences for Sámi culture. Sámi representatives have linked this exploitation to the historical dispossession of Sámi land and referred to it as green colonialism. At the same time, the Sámi people are particularly affected by the climate change that wind power is intended to mitiga
West African Sahelian and Sudanian ecosystems provide essential services to people and also play a significant role within the global carbon cycle. However, climate and land use are dynamically changing, and uncertainty remains with respect to how these changes will affect the potential of these regions to provide food and fodder resources or how they will affect the biosphere-atmosphere exchange
Avhandlingen är en sammanläggning av fyra artiklar om universell utformning i praktiken. Att designa för alla människor är en vägledande princip som Sveriges riksdag och regering beslutat om som del av implementeringen av FN:s konvention om rättigheter för personer med funktionsnedsättning. Avhandlingen bidrar med kunskap om förståelse, genomförande och samskapande gällande universell utformning. The thesis is a compilation of four articles and deals with Universal design in practice. This concept for designing for all is according to the Swedish Parliament and Government a guiding principle for the society. It is part of the implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The thesis contributes with knowledge about the understanding, implementation and co-c
To realize the transition of our society to a low-carbon future with innovative subsurface energy solutions, understanding the dynamic behavior of gas invading multi-fluid systems in underground pore space is critical. In this work, a joint approach of flow imaging and digital image processing is employed to investigate the fingering dynamics of gas invading multi-fluids in porous media. We examin
The study investigates the changing growth pattern of 69 European regions measured at NUTS-level 2 between 1980 and 2002 by addressing the hypothesis of capital accumulation versus technological change as sources of convergence or divergence. The paper adds to the existing regional growth and convergence literature in three respects. First, regional estimates of capital stocks are constructed from
Popular Abstract in English Zirconium alloys are widely used in nuclear power reactors as cladding material for their fuels due to the high strength, good corrosion resistance and low neutron absorption cross-section, even in extreme environment, that is characteristic for zirconium. The element, however, also has strong affinity for hydrogen, and when both are present they readily react and form Zirconium alloys are widely used in the nuclear industry because of their high strength, good corrosion resistance and low neutron absorption cross-section. Zirconium has a strong affinity for hydrogen, however, and if hydrogen concentration builds up, the material will gradually degrade. In one class of such hydrogen caused degradation, called hydride induced embrittlement, hydrogen chemically re
Our previous measurements in the P and D series in 133 Cs have been extended to a number of higher lying levels, populated in a two-step excitation process involving an rf lamp and a CW dye laser. The D states were studied with the level-crossing technique, while the optical-double-resonance method was used for the investigation of the P states. For the magnetic dipole interaction constant a , the
This paper presents simulation results for a sliding-IF SiGe E-band transmitter circuit for the 81-86 GHz E-band. The circuit was designed in a SiGe process with fT = 200 GHz and uses a supply of 1.5 V. The low supply voltage eliminates the need for a dedicated transmitter voltage regulator. The carrier generation is based on a 28 GHz quadrature voltage oscillator (QVCO). Upconversion to 84 GHz is
