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Class Ib ribonucleotide reductases (RNR) utilize a di-nuclear manganese or iron cofactor for reduction of superoxide or molecular oxygen, respectively. This generates a stable tyrosyl radical (Y·) in the R2 subunit (NrdF), which is further used for ribonucleotide reduction in the R1 subunit of RNR. Here, we report high-resolution crystal structures of Bacillus anthracis NrdF in the metal-free form
Hemicelluloses are a group of abundant polymers found in all plants and constitute about one third of the total plant biomass. These polymers can be used in many different products, such as oxygen barrier films, emulsifiers, foams and probiotic food additives. However, the commercial development and use of new products utilizing hemicelluloses has been limited due to the high production cost. Incr
In nuclear medicine, radiopharmaceuticals can be administered for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in theragnostics, a strategy that combines both diagnosis and therapy. This can be achieved by using similar radiopharmaceuticals for imaging and radionuclide therapy, which enables highly personalised disease management. One theragnosti
Background: One of the most serious secondary manifestations of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is coronary atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate whether aged garlic extract (AGE) can influence coronary artery calcification (CAC) and to predict the individual effect of AGE using a standard process for data mining (CRISP-DM). Method: This was a single-center parallel randomized controlled stud
This thesis investigates a new type of Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) architecture which combines a phase/frequency detector (PFD) and a digital loop filter. The quantization is done by a time-to-digital converter which continuously shrinks the pulse coming from the PFD and registers how far it propagates. Based on how far into the TDC each pulse propagates, the phase error is determined. The design is f
This study investigates the development of a new method for the deposition of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) on substrates by aluminium combustion. Although, conventional coating techniques, such as Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) are well-established, they are often complex and high in energy use. The new method aims to exploit the simplicity and efficiency of alumini
A variety of excess material is produced in the processes used in the scrap-metal based steel industry. The largest stream of material, by volume, is steel slag. Since slag material has very different properties and wide differences in its chemical composition its usage can be found in different sectors. The increased understanding of slag and its properties has made companies less prone to divert
The enzyme, T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP), is one of the most expensive raw materials required for mRNA vaccine production. As part of establishing South African manufacturing of mRNA vaccine, it is of interest to investigate the feasibility and profitability of South African manufacturing of T7 RNAP. This project scaled up present lab-scale knowledge on T7 RNAP production and used SuperPro design
This thesis defined and investigated a general workflow based on model-based design using the Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI), involving Hardware-in-the- Loop (HiL) simulation. The thesis was a direct continuation of Sara Gunnarsson’s master’s thesis "Evaluation of FMI-based Workflow for Simulation and Testing of Industrial Automation Applications", where a Software-in-the-Loop (SiL)
Elektromagnetiska vågor, även kända som radiovågor, är vågor som sprider sig med låga frekvenser från 3 till 30 kHz. Dessa lågfrekventa vågor används vanligtvis när man önskar kommunicera med ubåtar. De kan emellertid också användas på land för att mäta skillnader i jord– och bergarters elektriska konduktivitet. Denna mätteknik kallas Very-Low-Frequency Electromagnetics (VLF-EM) och har framgångsrElectromagnetic waves, also known as radio waves, which propagate at low frequencies of only 3 kHz to 30 kHz, are usually used for communication with submarines. However, these waves can also be used on land to measure differences in the electrical conductivity of the subsurface. This technique is called Very-Low-Frequency Electromagnetics (VLF-EM) and has been successfully used to gain an insight
Reliable methods for estimating financial return volatility are crucial in many areas of trading and investing. Two such frameworks, the GARCH and SV, have been of particular interest to academics and practitioners alike. The GARCH model describes the variance of the current innovation as a function of the actual sizes of the previous innovations. In contrast, the stochastic volatility model descr
The industrial sector in Sweden accounted for 38 percent of the country’s total energy consumption in 2019. As the world’s focus has shifted drastically on energy consumption, the industry sector’s has as well due to energy initiatives and government-driven regulations. The energy issue is currently of great relevance for energy-intensive industries where enormous potential remains due to factors
Chronological age is an important part of every person’s identity and in the Western communities it is given that everyone knows how old they are. However, it is not the case for people coming from certain countries in the Middle East where birth records do not exist and where it is highly unusual for someone to celebrate a birthday. Many unaccompanied children from, Middle East apply for asylum i
An environmentally hazardous activity, where surface water management exists, can be bound by Swedish law to apply for an environmental permit or has a duty to report its activity. In recent years, the environmental permitting regulations have undergone comprehensive changes where old practices and environmental quality standards are phased out and new ones introduced. In this study, a previously
In 2015, The Swedish central bank; the Riksbank, decided to lower the repo rate to -0,1 percent. The idea was to stimulate inflation in order to reach the target inflation of 2% according to CPI. The decision was and is controversial. Even if the inflation based on CPI is very low, the inflation on asset prices especially in the housing market is very high. Meanwhile, the household debt is increa
This thesis is a qualitative case study conducted in the context of the Swedish fashion retailer MQ. Due to the growing importance of sustainability the purpose of this study is to investigate how retailers’ sustainability work on corporate level is translated and communicated in the retail store environment. Further, it does also aim to explore how the physical space can be used to enable, encour
Graphene have attracted attention recently due to its unique properties and opportunities for development of high performance carbon based devices. The intercalation, absorption and reactions processes of small molecules above and below the graphene islands hold the key for new perspectives in catalysis, molecular sensors and other technologies. The present master thesis is focused on the investig
The master’s thesis was performed in collaboration with the department responsible for the driver vehicle interaction at Scania CV AB. The interaction between the driver and the vehicle contributes to the usability and overall experience of the product as well as to safety. In order to create a good interaction it is important to evaluate it. The purpose of the thesis work was therefore to develop
När två parter formulerar ett avtal behandlas ett antal olika klausuler. I kommersiella avtal regleras ofta vilken tvistlösningsmetod som ska tillämpas på framtida tvister. Den dominerande metoden är skiljeförfarande. Skiljeförfarande är en typ av privat tvistelösningsform, där en skiljenämnd har behörighet att pröva tvistefrågor och meddela ett bindande dom. Skiljeklausulen anses vara ett självWhen two parties formulate a contract, several clauses are to be considered. In commercial agreements, a clause regulating which dispute resolution method should be applied on future conflicts is usually included. The dominating alternative dispute resolution is arbitration. Arbitration is a type of a private dispute resolution method, where an arbitration panel has the authority to try dispute qu
