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Due to its low symmetry, β-Ga2O3 exhibits a strongly anisotropic optical response. As a result, the absorption spectra change with the polarization state of the incoming photons. To understand this phenomenon, here we calculate the complete electromagnetic wave equation solutions as a function of linear polarization angle and photon energy for β-Ga2O3 using its previously measured complex dielectr
This article summarises the state of the science on the role of the gut microbiota (GM) in diabetes from a recent international expert forum organised by Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia, which was held at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes 2023 Annual Meeting in Hamburg, Germany. Forum participants included clinicians and basic scientists who are leading investigators in
Bound states in quantum dots coupled to superconductors can be in a coherent superposition of states with different electron number but with the same fermion parity. Electrostatic gating can tune this superposition to a sweet spot, where the quantum dot has the same mean electric charge independent of its electron-number parity. Here, we propose to encode quantum information in the local fermion p
AIMS: Impaired left ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC) has been shown to correlate with worse prognosis in cardiac diseases and heart failure (HF). The extent of the relationship between VAC and circulating biomarkers associated with HF has been scarcely documented. We aimed to explore associations of VAC with proteins involved in HF pathophysiology within a large population-based cohort of middl
Chirality is omnipresent in the living world. As biomimetic nanotechnology and self-assembly advance, they too need chirality. Accordingly, there is a pressing need to develop general methods to characterize chiral building blocks at the nanoscale in liquids such as water─the medium of life. Here, we demonstrate the chiroptical second-harmonic Tyndall scattering effect. The effect was observed in
We demonstrate reliable machine-learned tuning of quantum-dot-based artificial Kitaev chains to Majorana sweet spots, using the covariance matrix adaptation algorithm. We show that a loss function based on local tunneling spectroscopy features of a chain with two additional sensor dots added at its ends provides a reliable metric to navigate parameter space and find points where crossed Andreev re
BACKGROUND: The role of ribonucleases in tuberculosis among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) is unknown. We explored ribonuclease activity in plasma from PWH with and without tuberculosis.METHODS: Participants were identified from a cohort of treatment-naive PWH in Ethiopia who had been classified for tuberculosis disease (HIV positive [HIV+]/tuberculosis positive [tuberculosis+
Group-III nitrides have transformed solid-state lighting and are strategically positioned to revolutionize high-power and high-frequency electronics. To drive this development forward, a deep understanding of fundamental material properties, such as charge carrier behavior, is essential and can also unveil new and unforeseen applications. This underscores the necessity for novel characterization t
To ensure that cities and urban ecosystems support human wellbeing and overall quality of life we need conceptual frameworks that can connect different scientific disciplines as well as research and practice. In this perspective, we explore the potential of a traits framework for understanding social-ecological patterns, dynamics, interactions, and tipping points in complex urban systems. To do so
In this work we consider superconductor-semiconductor hybrids containing both trivial and Majorana zero modes and explore their signatures in the Majorana polarization. In particular, we consider trivial zero-energy states due to confinement and disorder, which seem to be very likely experimental scenarios. We show that the Majorana polarization is able to characterize the topological phase transi
PURPOSE: We studied the relative contributions of total peripheral resistance (TPR), stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR) to low blood pressure in classical orthostatic hypotension (cOH) on group and individual levels.METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed tilt test records from cOH patients and age/sex-matched controls. We quantified relative effects of HR, SV and TPR on mean arterial pressure (M
The anisotropic optical absorption edge of β-Ga2O3 follows a modified Beer-Lambert law having two effective absorption coefficients. The absorption coefficient of linearly polarized light reduces to the least absorbing direction beyond a critical penetration depth, which itself depends on polarization and wavelength. To understand this behavior, a Stokes vector analysis is performed to track the p
Background: Gout is predicted by a number of comorbidities and lifestyle factors. We aimed to identify discrete phenotype clusters of these factors in a Swedish population-based health survey. In these clusters, we calculated and compared the incidence and relative risk of gout. Methods: Cluster analyses were performed to group variables with close proximity and to obtain homogenous clusters of in
It is unclear if mild-to-moderate dehydration independently affects mood without confounders like heat exposure or exercise. This study examined the acute effect of cellular dehydration on mood. Forty-nine adults (55 % female, age 39 (SD 8) years) were assigned to counterbalanced, crossover trials. Intracellular dehydration was induced with 2-h (0·1 ml/kg per min) 3 % hypertonic saline (HYPER) inf
Background: Biomarkers can be of help to understand critical illness and to identify and stratify sepsis. Adrenomedullin is a vasoactive hormone, with reported prognostic and potentially therapeutic value in sepsis. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the association of circulating bioactive adrenomedullin (bio-ADM) levels at intensive care unit (ICU) admission with mortality in sepsi
Context: Obesity and cardiometabolic diseases are associated with higher long-term glucocorticoid levels, measured as scalp hair cortisol (HairF) and cortisone (HairE). Cardiometabolic diseases have also been associated with copeptin, a stable surrogate marker for the arginine-vasopressin (AVP) system. Since AVP is, together with corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) an important regulator of the
