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Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been shown to predict poverty and development indicators from satellite images with surprising accuracy. This paper presents a first attempt at analyzing the CNNs responses in detail and explaining the basis for the predictions. The CNN model, while trained on relatively low resolution day- and night-time satellite images, is able to outperform human
Objective: To explore attendance at organised mammographic screening among immigrant groups that received an invitation letter and information leaflet (invitation) in their language of origin and Norwegian compared with Norwegian only. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Setting: Population based screening programme for breast cancer in Norway (BreastScreen Norway), which invites women aged 50-69
Background: Access to long-term ambulatory recording to detect atrial fibrillation (AF) is limited for economical and practical reasons. We aimed to determine whether 24 h ECG (24hECG) data can predict AF detection on extended cardiac monitoring. Methods: We included all US patients from 2020, aged 17–100 years, who were monitored for 2–30 days using the PocketECG device (MEDICALgorithmics), witho
Objective: To investigate the association between female body mass index (BMI) and live birth rates and maternal and perinatal outcomes after in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Methods: We performed a national, population-based cohort study including women undergoing IVF between 2002 and 2020. The cohort included 126,620 fresh cycles and subsequent frozen embryo transfers between 2007 and 2019 (subpopu
The performance of superconducting devices is often degraded by the uncontrolled appearance and disappearance of quasiparticles, a process known as poisoning. We demonstrate the electrostatic control of quasiparticle poisoning in the form of single-charge tunneling across a fixed barrier onto a Coulomb island in an InAs/Al hybrid nanowire. High-bandwidth charge sensing was used to monitor the char
Our aim was to clarify the anatomy and function of the retinacular ligaments. Forty-eight fingers were dissected and the thickness of the oblique retinacular ligament (ORL) was graded. In four fingers, the motion in the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints was subjected to an in-depth analysis before and after sectioning of either the lateral bands (LB) or the ORL
STUDY QUESTION: Has cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) improved over time and which factors are associated with such an improvement? SUMMARY ANSWER: During an 11-year period, 2007-2017, CLBR per oocyte aspiration increased significantly, from 27.0% to 36.3%, in parallel with an increase in blastocyst transfer and cryopreservation by vitrification. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: While it has been shown that
Perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells are a promising concept for overcoming the limits of conventional silicon single-junction technology. Light management is doubtless a key issue for further boosting efficiency. We discuss the impact of photonic nanostructures on the optical performance of perovskite-silicon devices. We experimentally and numerically demonstrate shallow antireflective nanotextu
Very fast interface traps have recently been suggested to be the main cause behind poor channel-carrier mobility in SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors. It has been hypothesized that the NI traps are defects located inside the SiO2 dielectric with energy levels close to the SiC conduction band edge and the observed conductance spectroscopy signal is a result of electron tunnelin
Al x Ga 1 − x N/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) structures are key components in electronic devices operating at gigahertz or higher frequencies. In order to optimize such HEMT structures, understanding their electronic response at high frequencies and room temperature is required. Here, we present a study of the room temperature free charge carrier properties of the two-dimensional e
We review all symmetry-allowed spin-singlet and spin-triplet superconducting order parameters in graphene (s-wave, d-wave, p-wave, and f-wave) generated by generic on-site, nearest-neighbor, and next-nearest-neighbor pairing interactions in a tight-binding model. For each pairing channel, we calculate both the band structure and the dependence of the density of states on energy, chemical potential
Polar dielectrics are key materials of interest for infrared (IR) nanophotonic applications due to their ability to host phonon-polaritons that allow for low-loss, subdiffractional control of light. The properties of phonon-polaritons are limited by the characteristics of optical phonons, which are nominally fixed for most “bulk” materials. Superlattices composed of alternating atomically thin mat
We study the emergence of electronic edge states in superconducting monolayer, bilayer, and trilayer graphene for both spin-singlet and spin-triplet superconducting order parameters. We focus mostly on the gapped chiral p+ip′- and d+id′-wave superconducting states that show a nonzero Chern number and a corresponding number of edge states. For the p+ip′-wave state, we observe a rich phase diagr
We consider the most energetically favorable symmetry-allowed spin-singlet and spin-triplet superconducting pairing symmetries in monolayer and few-layer graphene and for each calculate the energy spectrum in the presence of a scalar or magnetic impurity. We find that two doubly degenerate subgap states exist for scalar impurities for all types of pairing, except for the spin-singlet s-wave state.
We propose to use quantum information notions to characterize thermally induced melting of nonperturbative bound states at high temperatures. We apply tensor networks to investigate this idea in static and dynamical settings within the Ising quantum field theory, where bound states are confined fermion pairs - mesons. An equilibrium signature of meson melting is identified in the temperature depen
Artificial Kitaev chains, formed by quantum dots coupled via superconductors, have emerged as a promising platform for realizing Majorana bound states. Even a minimal Kitaev chain (a quantum dot-superconductor-quantum dot setup) can host Majorana states at discrete sweet spots. However, unambiguously identifying Majorana sweet spots in such a system is still challenging. In this work, we propose a
Terahertz (THz) technologies provide opportunities ranging from calibration targets for satellites and telescopes to communication devices and biomedical imaging systems. A main component will be broadband THz absorbers with switchability. However, optically switchable materials in THz are scarce and their modulation is mostly available at narrow bandwidths. Realizing materials with large and broa
We present a recently developed method for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements in the THz spectral range. The method is based on spectroscopic ellipsometry and thus requires no cavity, unlike conventional EPR. This permits us to scan the frequency parameters in addition to the magnetic field parameters. To showcase this, both frequency and magnetic field scans are performed on Fe-do
Objectives This study aims to describe the data structure and harmonisation process, explore data quality and define characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of patients across six federated antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) registries. Methods Through creation of the vasculitis-specific Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable, VASCulitis ontology, we harmonised
