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Penetration of the viral genome into a host cell nucleus is critical for initiation of viral replication for most DNA viruses and a few RNA viruses. For herpesviruses, viral DNA ejection into a nucleus occurs when the capsid docks at the nuclear pore complex (NPC) basket with the correct orientation of the unique capsid portal vertex. It has been shown that capsid vertex-specific component (CVSC)
A synoptic overview of scientific methods applied in bone and associated research fields across species has yet to be published. Experts from the EU Cost Action GEMSTONE (“GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal Traits translational Network”) Working Group 2 present an overview of the routine techniques as well as clinical and research approaches employed to characterize bone phenotypes in humans and selected
Massive bird migration across continents and seas is one of the most spectacular phenomena in nature, involving billions of birds annually. In the autumn, most birds on migration are juveniles migrating for the first time while adults are repeating their migrations. Migration syndrome in individual bird migrants involves multiple behavioural, morphological and physiological adaptations, and migrat
Context: In a recent study a pattern of 27 metabolites, including serum glycine, associated with bone mineral density (BMD). Objective: To investigate associations for serum and urinary glycine levels with BMD, bone microstructure, and fracture risk in men. Methods: In the population-based Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Sweden study (men, 69-81 years) serum glycine and BMD were measured at b
What are the benefit and harms of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in seronegative rheumatoid arthritis patients who are inadequate responders to conventional synthetic DMARDs?
Maps have the ability to make abstract information visible and real to their audiences. They provide humans a way to conceptualize and understand places and issues that otherwise might seem both distant and abstract. This article argues that maps influence what issues are visible and knowable and what issues are silenced and disregarded, often giving prominence to dominant understandings. As such,
In voltage- and temperature-biased coherent conductors quantum screening effects occur if the conductor's transmission is energy dependent. Here, we show that an additional ac-driven terminal can act as a probe for a direct readout of such effects, hitherto unexplored. We find that screening of charges induced by the static biases impacts already their standard linear thermoelectric response coeff
It is widely known that most of the heat transfer and pressure drop measurements in heat exchangers are global measurements that are based on surface averaged parameters that do not measure the growth of the hydraulic and thermal boundary layer. Recent local heat transfer coefficient investigations on hydrocarbon condensation in plate heat exchangers suggest that the mean heat transfer coefficient
Based on concepts from quantum thermodynamics, the two-level system coupled to a single electromagneticmode is analyzed. Focusing on the case of detuning, where the mode frequency does not match the transitionfrequency, effective energies are derived for the levels and the photon energy. It is shown that these should be usedfor energy exchange with fermionic and bosonic reservoirs in the steady st
The viscosity of ionanofluids consisting of the two ionic liquids (ILs), 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([emim][DCA]) and 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide ([emim][TCM]), and aluminium oxide and magnesium oxide nanoparticles has been measured. The pure ionic liquids were also measured, and a simple Andrade equation and a Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher equation were presented to predict
Objectives Emerging evidence supports that PR interval prolongation is associated with increased mortality. However, most previous studies have limited confounder control, and clinical impact in a population of acute ill patients is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 1-year all-cause mortality was increased in patients presenting with PR interval prolongation in the emergenc
In 2016, the European Hematology Association (EHA) published the EHA Roadmap for European Hematology Research1 aiming to highlight achievements in the diagnostics and treatment of blood disorders, and to better inform European policy makers and other stakeholders about the urgent clinical and scientific needs and priorities in the field of hematology. Each section was coordinated by 1–2 section ed
This book comprises the select proceedings of the International Conference on Future Learning Aspects of Mechanical Engineering (FLAME 2020). This volume focuses on current research in fluid and thermal engineering and covers topics such as heat transfer enhancement and heat transfer equipment, heat transfer in nuclear applications, microscale and nanoscale transport, multiphase transport and phas
Crystallography is an invaluable tool in materials science, solid state physics and protein science. Understanding crystallography requires grasping the powerful but abstract concept of reciprocal space. Here a simple but insightful experiment using a laser pointer and Au microdisc arrays to explore and illustrate Bragg diffraction and reciprocal space is demonstrated. The Au microdisc arrays were
Research on younger patients with hip fractures is limited. This study adds knowledge on patient and injury characteristics, and DXA was investigated at the time of the fracture. Risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures were numerous among young patients, and osteoporosis was markedly more prevalent than in the general population.INTRODUCTION: Knowledge on younger patients with hip fractures is
This work provides a new method to enhance endwall heat transfer of a sharp turn channel. Several longitudinal vortex generators (LVGs) at various spacing and aspect ratio are placed in parallel on the inner side of endwall in a sharp turn channel. Liquid crystal thermography, pressure difference measurements, and a statistical method are applied to analyze the thermal behavior, friction factor, a
The hot erosion of turbine tip and the maintenance of tip reliability and service times have always been great challenges for researchers. This work presents a novel design of a tip wall with the internal surface fitted with delta-winglet vortex generator pairs (DVGP). Various spacing of DVGP is considered to study the influence of spacing on the internal tip heat transfer and flow behavior in the
Small angle neutron scattering experiments have been carried out in the mixed state to determine the values and anisotropy of the penetration depth and coherence length in the superconductor β-PdBi2. The distortion of the vortex lattice observed on changing the magnetic field direction suggests that the a–c anisotropy of penetration depth in β-PdBi2 is small. With the magnetic field applied along
Background: Suicide in old age is a significant contributor to mortality. However, the extent to which life weariness and suicidal thoughts impact on mortality in a long-term perspective is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of life weariness and suicidal thoughts on long-term survival (16 years) in an older Swedish population, controlling for demographic and social netwo
