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Screen time and physical inactivity have increased among children. As physical activity is a determinant of bone mass, there is a concern that children today have lower bone mass than earlier. If this is true, fractures may become more common in the future. In 2017–2018, we used single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) to measure distal forearm bone mineral density (BMD; mg/cm2) in a normative cohort of
The novel concept of impinging jet cooling, i.e., an active-passive air cooling strategy, was proposed to achieve improved battery thermal management in hybrid vehicles, and this method is supported by excess high pressure discharged air. To comprehensively realize the active-passive combined cooling behavior, a rectangular channel with a jet impingement hole was utilized to experimentally and num
Increasing the application of machine learning algorithms in engine development has the potential to reduce the number of experimental runs and the computation cost of computational fluid dynamics simulations. The objective of this study is to assess if such a statistical modelling approach can predict engine efficiency and emissions at any given condition for an already calibrated spark ignition
In this paper, convective heat transfer of Fe3O4–carbon nanotubes (CNTs) hybrid nanofluid was studied in a horizontal small circular tube under influence of annular magnets. The pipe has an inner diameter of 3 mm and a length of 1.2 m. Heat transfer characteristics of the Fe3O4–water nanofluid were examined for many parameters, such as nanoparticle volume fraction in the range of 0.4–1.2% and Reyn
We present the results of a study of the vortex lattice in the heavy fermion superconductor CeCu2Si2, using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). In this material at temperatures well below Tc∼0.6 K, the value of the upper critical field Bc2∼2.2 T is strongly limited by the Pauli paramagnetism of the heavy fermions. In this temperature region, our SANS data show an increase in the magnetization o
Supercritical fluids (e.g., hydrocarbon fuels, water, carbon dioxide, and organic working medium, etc) have been recognized as working media to improve thermal efficiencies in power cycles and energy conversion, and have been used or selected as the working fluids in engineering fields such as aerospace, nuclear power, solar energy, refrigeration, geothermal energy, chemical technology, and so on.
The implications of obesity and weight loss for human bone health are not well understood. Although the bone changes associated with weight loss are similar in humans and rodents, that is not the case for obesity. In humans, obesity is generally associated with increased bone mass, an outcome which is exacerbated by advanced age and menopause. In rodents, by contrast, bone mass decreases in propor
In-memory computing can be used to overcome the von Neumann bottleneck—the need to shuffle data between separate memory and computational units—and help improve computing performance. Co-integrated vertical transistor selectors (1T) and resistive memory elements (1R) in a 1T1R configuration offer advantages of scalability, speed and energy efficiency in current mass storage applications, and such
A key parameter for the low-temperature magnetic coupling of in dinuclear lanthanide single-molecule magnets (SMMs) is the barrier UFA resulting from the exchange and dipole interactions between the two 4f moments. Here we extend the pseudospin model previously used to describe the ground state of dinuclear endofullerenes to account for variations in the orientation of the single-ion anisotropy ax
Recently, nonwetting surfaces have attracted explosive attention in the community of dropwise condensation. Prediction models have been used to improve the fundamental understanding of dropwise condensation heat transfer. However, the multiscale heat transfer characteristics of individual droplets and the quantitative heat transfer evaluation of the droplet growth on different condensing surfaces
A synoptic overview of scientific methods applied in bone and associated research fields across species has yet to be published. Experts from the EU Cost Action GEMSTONE (“GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal Traits translational Network”) Working Group 2 present an overview of the routine techniques as well as clinical and research approaches employed to characterize bone phenotypes in humans and selected
Context: In a recent study a pattern of 27 metabolites, including serum glycine, associated with bone mineral density (BMD). Objective: To investigate associations for serum and urinary glycine levels with BMD, bone microstructure, and fracture risk in men. Methods: In the population-based Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Sweden study (men, 69-81 years) serum glycine and BMD were measured at b
What are the benefit and harms of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in seronegative rheumatoid arthritis patients who are inadequate responders to conventional synthetic DMARDs?
It is widely known that most of the heat transfer and pressure drop measurements in heat exchangers are global measurements that are based on surface averaged parameters that do not measure the growth of the hydraulic and thermal boundary layer. Recent local heat transfer coefficient investigations on hydrocarbon condensation in plate heat exchangers suggest that the mean heat transfer coefficient
The viscosity of ionanofluids consisting of the two ionic liquids (ILs), 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([emim][DCA]) and 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide ([emim][TCM]), and aluminium oxide and magnesium oxide nanoparticles has been measured. The pure ionic liquids were also measured, and a simple Andrade equation and a Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher equation were presented to predict
Objectives Emerging evidence supports that PR interval prolongation is associated with increased mortality. However, most previous studies have limited confounder control, and clinical impact in a population of acute ill patients is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 1-year all-cause mortality was increased in patients presenting with PR interval prolongation in the emergenc
In 2016, the European Hematology Association (EHA) published the EHA Roadmap for European Hematology Research1 aiming to highlight achievements in the diagnostics and treatment of blood disorders, and to better inform European policy makers and other stakeholders about the urgent clinical and scientific needs and priorities in the field of hematology. Each section was coordinated by 1–2 section ed
This book comprises the select proceedings of the International Conference on Future Learning Aspects of Mechanical Engineering (FLAME 2020). This volume focuses on current research in fluid and thermal engineering and covers topics such as heat transfer enhancement and heat transfer equipment, heat transfer in nuclear applications, microscale and nanoscale transport, multiphase transport and phas
Crystallography is an invaluable tool in materials science, solid state physics and protein science. Understanding crystallography requires grasping the powerful but abstract concept of reciprocal space. Here a simple but insightful experiment using a laser pointer and Au microdisc arrays to explore and illustrate Bragg diffraction and reciprocal space is demonstrated. The Au microdisc arrays were
