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Background. Although the clinical importance of demonstrating the presence of anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibodies is well established, less is known concerning the clinical utility of measuring the levels of autoantibodies. Two conformational epitopes of anti-GBM antibodies have been defined at residues 17-31 and 127-141 of the alpha 3(IV)NC1 domain of type IV collagen [alpha 3

Background: Data on stroke epidemiology and availability of hospital-based stroke services around the world are important for guiding policy decisions and healthcare planning. Aims: To provide the most current incidence, mortality and case–fatality data on stroke and describe current availability of stroke units around the world by country. Methods: We searched multiple databases (based on our exi

Bevis från terrestriska sedimentära lagerföljder indikerar att inflödet av extraterrestriskt material till Jorden inte är konstant, utan har varit förhöjt under perioder av Jordens historia. Ett ökat flöde av extraterrestriskt material till Jorden har föreslagits för perioderna mellanordovicium och sen eocen. Orsaken tros vara asteroidskurar orsakade av uppbrytningar av asteroider i asteroidbältetEvidence from terrestrial sedimentary successions indicate that the amount of extraterrestrial material reaching Earth is not constant, but has been increased during parts of the Phanerozoic. An increase in the flux of extraterrestrial material to Earth has been proposed for the Middle Ordovician and the Late Eocene. These showers of extraterrestrial material on Earth are thought to have resulted

With the continued development of tracking technology and increasing interest in animal movement, our understanding of migration behavior has become more comprehensive. However, there are still many species that have not been well studied, particularly sea birds. Here, we present the first year-round Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking data of the Black-tailed Gull (Larus crassirostris) at th

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 n

Changes in the geometry of ocean meridional overturning circulation (MOC) are crucial in controlling past changes of climate and the carbon inventory of the atmosphere. However, the accurate timing and global correlation of short-term glacial-to-deglacial changes of MOC in different ocean basins still present a major challenge. The fine structure of jumps and plateaus in atmospheric and planktic r

Climate warming exacerbates the degradation of the mountain cryosphere, including glacier retreat, permafrost degradation, and snow cover reduction. These changes dramatically alter the local and downstream hydrological regime, posing significant threats to basin-scale water resource management and sustainable development. However, this issue is still not adequately addressed, particularly in moun

Background: The diagnosis of paediatric cancer is a crisis for the parents who are the primary caregivers of the affected child. A comprehensive assessment of the longitudinal impact of childhood cancer on parental mental health and the potential sex differences between the parents is lacking. Thus, we aimed to explore the subsequent short- and long-term mental health outcomes among the parents of

Projecting land-use allocation under various scenarios can be useful for reconciling conflicts between urbanization, food security, and ecological integrity throughout landscapes, but existing approaches often fail to capture the interactions in land systems that occur across scales and within and between hierarchical jurisdictions of societal organization. This article introduces a cross-scale fu

Between 15 and 27kyrb2k (thousands of years before 2000CE) during the last glacial, Greenland experienced a prolonged cold stadial phase, interrupted by two short-lived warm interstadials. Greenland ice-core calcium data show two periods, preceding the interstadials, of anomalously high atmospheric dust loading, the origin of which is not well understood. At approximately the same time as the Gree

Plantation forests (PF) and natural secondary forests (NSF) are the primary reforestation approaches. The establishment of PF can affect forest hydrological processes by changing soil structure. To date, few studies have focused on these changes and the effects on hydrological processes for the paleo-periglacial landform. To reveal reforestation approaches effects on water infiltration, including

To mitigate the climate change-induced water shortage and realize the sustainable development of agriculture, drip irrigation, a more efficient water-saving irrigation method, has been intensively implemented in most arid agricultural regions in the world. However, compared to traditional border irrigation, how drip irrigation affects the biophysical conditions in the cropland and how crops physio

I december 2019 upptäckte smittskyddsmyndigheten i Kina ett helt nytt virus som senare skulle visa sig spridas och bryta ut till en pandemi över hela världen. Viruset har sedan dess fått namnet SARS-CoV-2 och bidrar till sjukdomen Covid-19. Viruset upptäcktes och identifierades för första gången i staden Wuhan i Hubeiprovinsen, för att sedan spridas till ett stort antal länder över hela världen. D

FN:s handelskommission UNCITRAL har tagit fram en konvention om verkställighet av internationella medlingsöverenskommelser, den s.k. Singaporekonventionen. Konventionen möjliggör att internationella privata aktörer kan verkställa internationella kommersiella medlingsöverenskommelser i respektive avtalsslutande parters stater. Konventionen öppnade för anslutning år 2020 och i maj 2024 hade 56 ländeThe United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) has developed a convention on the enforcement of settlement agreements resulting from international commercial mediation, known as the Singapore Convention. The convention allows international private actors to enforce international commercial mediation settlement agreements in the states of the respective contracting parties. The

This thesis provides a brief introduction of the concepts “Post-normal Science (PNS)”, “Extended Peer Community (EPC)” and “Environmental Decision Making (EDM)”. PNS is applicable when uncertainties in the interface between science and decision making are too great for traditional science and EPC is a method which is an important part of PNS. EDM is a system that tries to assist the decision maker