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Importance: Prenatal exposure to phthalates has been associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes, but little is known about the association with language development. Objective: To examine the association of prenatal phthalate exposure with language development in children in 2 population-based pregnancy cohort studies. Design, Setting, and Participants: Data for this study were obtained from the
Background: The aim of this study is to estimate ovarian volume, number and volume of antral follicles, and ovarian power Doppler vascular indices as assessed by three-dimensional (3D) transvaginal grayscale and power Doppler ultrasound in women using combined oral contraceptives (COC). Study Design: Two hundred thirteen gynecologically asymptomatic women 20-39 years old using COC were examined wi
There is increasing evidence that short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) formed by colonic fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates have beneficial physiological effects. Butyric acid is the main energy substrate for the colonic mucosa and has been implicated as important in the prevention and treatment of diseases of the colonic mucosa, such as distal ulcerative colitis and cancer. Propionic acid, on t
BACKGROUND: Timely assessment of the burden of HIV/AIDS is essential for policy setting and programme evaluation. In this report from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we provide national estimates of levels and trends of HIV/AIDS incidence, prevalence, coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and mortality for 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015.METHODS: For countri
The exhaustion doctrine (also known in some jurisdictions as the ''first sale doctrine See U.S. Copyright Code Section 109(a)'') is one of the basic rules of intellectual property (IP) system, and is applied to many IP rights, from copyright to trademark. The term ''exhaustion'' or ''first sale'' describes the concept of this rule, where, after the &
Vid en diskussion om nivån på den svenska bolagsskatten är det av stor vikt att avgöra huruvida diskussionen rör den nominella eller den effektiva skattesatsen. Den nominella skattesatsen uppgår till 28 procent och återfinns i 65 kap. 14 § IL. Den effektiva skattesatsen är däremot inte given utan kan i viss utsträckning påverkas, eftersom den bestäms genom att dividera skatt på årets resultat med
Background: The optimal timing of oral anticoagulation for prevention of early ischaemic stroke recurrence in people with acute ischaemic stroke and atrial fibrillation remains uncertain. We aimed to estimate the effects of starting a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) early (≤4 days) versus later (≥5 days) after onset of ischaemic stroke. Methods: For this systematic review and meta-analysis we sea
BACKGROUND: – The clinical use of risk scores to guide treatment decisions and improve clinical outcomes has rarely been prospectively evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate whether a biomarker-based ABC-AF risk score–guided multidimensional treatment strategy improves long-term outcomes in patients with AF. METHODS: – The multicenter, registry-based, randomized, controlled, open-label study enro
Background & Purpose: Radiation therapy is an essential treatment for cancer patients with the ultimate goal to deliver radiation doses to the tumour with precision while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. Treatment verification is crucial to ensure the accuracy of radiation delivery, for instance by measuring the radiation dose distribution. Among various dosimetry techniques
The thesis concerns glycosyl transfer with use of b-glycosidases, most of them from hyperthermophilic organisms. Both optimisation of the reaction conditions and protein engineering in terms of site-directed mutagenesis were used to improve b-glycosidase-catalysed reactions. The first part of the work deals with conversion of lactose into valuable products such as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) an
Does perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanate (PFOA) exposure disrupt the menstrual cyclicity? The female reproductive system may be sensitive to PFOA exposure, with longer menstrual cycle length at higher exposure. PFOS and PFOA are persistent man-made chemicals. Experimental animal studies suggest they are reproductive toxicants but epidemiological findings are inconsistent. A cros
The aim of the present study was to examine mean HbA1c and blood pressure levels during a 5 year period in 442 type 1 adult diabetic patients in relation to the incidence and progression of retinopathy, nephropathy and to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The study showed, that in patients under routine care at a diabetic unit with four visits to the out-patient clinic per year, the intraind
IMPORTANCE In age-related macular degeneration (AMD), rare variants in the complement system have been described, but their functional consequences remain largely unexplored. OBJECTIVES To identify new rare variants in complement genes and determine the functional effect of identified variants on complement levels and complement regulation in serum samples from carriers and noncarriers. DESIGN, SE
Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy is central to the long-term management of asthma and is extensively used in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While administration via inhalation limits systemic exposure compared with oral or injected corticosteroids and, therefore, the risk of systemic corticosteroid-related adverse effects, concerns over the long-term safety of
BACKGROUND: Because hemodilution decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood, it was hypothesized that severe hemodilution would decrease the tolerance to alveolar hypoxia. METHODS: Hemodynamics, oxygen transport, and blood lactate concentrations were compared in ten pigs with normal hematocrit (33 +/- 4%), and ten hemodiluted pigs (hematocrit 11 +/- 1%; mean +/- SD) anesthetized with ketamine
To cite this article: Cai G-H, Hashim JH, Hashim Z, Ali F, Bloom E, Larsson L, Lampa E, Norbäck D. Fungal DNA, allergens, mycotoxins and associations with asthmatic symptoms among pupils in schools from Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22: 290-297. ABSTRACT: While there is a large variation of prevalence of asthma symptoms worldwide, what we do know is that it is on the rise in
Objective: To evaluate under- and overreporting and their determinants in the EPIC :24-hour diet recall (24-HDR) measurements collected in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Design: Cross-sectional analysis. 24-HDR measurements were obtained by means of a standardised computerised interview program (EPIC-SOFT). The ratio of reported energy intake (EI) to estim
Salinisation is a global issue which leads to desertification and soil degradation and exposure to salt is also known to inhibit microbial activity and plant growth. This study was conducted to determine the influence of salinity on microbial activity of a non- saline soil. By using Salt Induced Community Tolerance (SICT) concept I found that microbial community tolerance to salt can be induced in
The ever increasing data rates in wireless communication require analog to digital converters (ADCs) with greater requirements on speed and accuracy, while being power efficient to prolong battery life. This dissertation contains an introduction to the field and five papers that focus on the continuous-time (CT) Delta-Sigma modulator (DSM) as ADC. Paper I analyses the performance degradation of d
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of wastes and residues is a widely applied and explored process. However, when the process is not optimized, inadequate concentrations of nutrients and inhibitory compounds are common and can lead to low maximum organic loading rates and increased risk of process problems, low organic dry solids degradation rate and reduced methane yields. To overcome process instability a
