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Lipid A (a hexaacylated 1,4' bisphosphate) is a potent immune stimulant for TLR4/MD-2. Upon lipid A ligation, the TLR4/MD-2 complex dimerizes and initiates signal transduction. Historically, studies also suggested the existence of TLR4/MD-2-independent LPS signaling. In this article, we define the role of TLR4 and MD-2 in LPS signaling by using genome-wide expression profiling in TLR4- and MD-2-de

The ongoing globalisation and the rise of the knowledge economy creates new challenges for regional economic development. In order to cope with these challenges, regions need to strengthen the capacity of existing industries to innovate, but also transform their innovation systems and facilitate the emergence of new industries and development paths. The ability to transform and renew themselves, h

Physiological and developmental processes of plants are affected by UV-B radiation, even by the amount of UV-B in present-day sunlight. Plants also have several mechanisms to ameliorate or repair these effects and may acclimate to a certain extent to increased levels of UV-B. Nevertheless, plant growth can be directly affected by UV-B radiation. Response to UV-B also varies considerably among spec

Abstract not available

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative spiral-shaped bacterium that colonizes the human stomach and causes gastric inflammation, gastric and duodenal peptic ulcers, gastric cancer and MALT-lymphoma. A novel guinea pig model of H. pylori infection was developed. Infection was induced by oral inoculation and was confirmed by cultivation from the stomach mucosa. The infection led to severe gastric in

During my thirty years in the academic field I have always been interested in biographical studies. The focus has been on significant experiences in the individual’s life, so-called turning points, peak experiences or other decisive and unforgettable moments. Was there a crisis of some kind? And, if this is the case,how did the person in question cope with this low point in his or her life? I lear

The development of science parks constitutes an interesting example of policy to enhance the technology-based development of a region. These parks, it is argued, contribute to fostering technological innovation and transfer and stimulating the growth of high-level economic activities. This article examines the role that science parks play in the promotion of regional development with particular re

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the associations between vertical (institutional) political trust in the Riksdag and daily smoking and smoking cessation. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: In total, 27,757 individuals aged 18-80 years answered a postal questionnaire, which represents 59% of the random sample. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the associations between politi

Background. A recent rise in the incidence of prostate cancer and a more favorable outcome have increased the proportions of other causes of death in affected men. Extending the survival of prostate cancer patients thus requires knowledge of all causes of death. Methods. Data on the population, cancers, and causes of death were gathered from the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database. A Cox reg

Currently there is no coherent or sustainable water cooperation among the five states—Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian territories and Syria—that share the Jordan River. Why do people not cooperate on sustainable river basin management, even if it seems the most rational course from the perspective of economic benefits? I hypothesize that the political uses of citizenship, identity and securit

Background: To evaluate the pattern of co-infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in both sexes in Sweden. Methods: Cell samples from genital swabs, first-void urine, and genital swabs immersed in first-void urine were collected in the present cross-sectional High Throughput HPV Monitoring study. Overall, 31,717 samples from women and 9,949 from men (mean age 25) were tested for 16 HPV types

Detta är den femte skriften i den serie småskrifter som alla handlar om vetenskap och beprövad erfarenhet. Författarna är forskare och/eller politiker med stor erfarenhet av området, några är forskare inom vårt forskningsprogram Vetenskap och beprövad erfarenhet, ett sexårigt program finansierat av Riksbankens jubileumsfond.

Our hypothesis is that neighborhood infrastructure modifies the association between state-level income distribution and self-rated health. In our findings neighborhood infrastructure amplifies the association between income equality and self-rated health, yet with a differential impact on health according to sex, race and education level favoring individuals at higher socioeconomic positions. Most