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The quality and quantity of UV measurements have increased greatly in the last few years. Variations among measurements from different instruments are diminishing toward the 5% level. Long-term trend detection is still a problem, with little historical data available for baseline estimations. Enhanced UV levels are clearly associated with the Antarctic springtime ozone reductions. Measurements sho

Över två generationer har Indien och Kina förändrats från slumrande jättar med stora problem till snabbt uppvaknande kontinenter med långtgående anspråk på en plats i världspolitiken och den globala ekonomin. Deras snabbt skiftande situation har naturligtvis förändrat våra bilder dramatiskt och med dem vad vi tror oss veta om utvecklingens drivkrafter i den moderna världen. Frågan är dock om vi ve

OBJECTIVES: To analyse survival rates and the causes of death in a systemic sclerosis (SSc) population, and to evaluate the occurrence of fatal malignant neoplasms and their possible association with oral cyclophosphamide (CYC) treatment. METHODS: Survival was calculated for 249 SSc patients followed up for up to 13 years. Mean (SD) follow up was 5.8 (4.2) years. The 49 decreased patients were sub

BACKGROUND: Some autoimmune disorders have been linked to venous thromboembolism. We examined whether there is an association between autoimmune disorders and risk of pulmonary embolism. METHODS: We followed up all individuals in Sweden without previous hospital admission for venous thromboembolism and with a primary or secondary diagnosis of an autoimmune disorder between Jan 1, 1964, and Dec 31,

BACKGROUND: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity has been shown to be expressed in local lymph nodes and induce immune suppression of tumor immunity. Here we analyze the effect of IDO expression on prostate tumor growth using the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) animal model. METHODS: Mice deficient in IDO expression were crossed to TRAMP mice and the time to the appearanc

BACKGROUND: Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are characterised by the expansion of CAG triplet repeats in specific genes. The accumulated encoded proteins affect the transcription of numerous transcription factors. We investigated whether polyQ diseases reduce the risk of cancer development. METHODS: Data on patients with the polyQ diseases Huntington's disease (HD), spinobulbar muscular atrophy (

Purpose: A stagnant Cuban economy, state owned and operated businesses, as well as a general public desire for change to happen in the country, present themselves as a matter that should be addressed. The opening up of the private economic sector within a communist regime proves as an interesting topic, and allows for an architectural interpretation to be made. Assignment: Given the economic an

A criminal career can be either general, with the criminal committing different types of crimes, or specialized, with the criminal committing a specific type of crime. A central problem in the study of crime specialization is to determine, from the perspective of the criminal, which crimes should be considered similar and which crimes should be considered distinct. We study a large set of Swedish

This paper provides an ex-post assessment of the climate and energy policy developments in Chile emerging from a neoliberal economic model, during the period 1971-2007. First, correlation and regression analyses were performed to analyse historical CO2 emissions as a product of demographic, economic and energy-wide drivers. Then I estimate indicators related to CO2 emissions, energy use and econom

Internationally comparable quality assurance of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection and typing methods is essential for evaluation of HPV vaccines and effective monitoring and implementation of HPV vaccination programs. Therefore, the World Health Organisation (WHO) HPV Laboratory Network (LabNet) designed an international proficiency study. Following announcement at the WHO website, respondi

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling handlar om kvinnor och ekonomisk förändring i Sverige under 1900-talet. Den centrala frågeställningen är hur kvinnors förändrade utbildning och arbetsmarknadsdeltagande har påverkat och samvarierat med fertilitet över tid. Även om många idag anser Sverige vara ett jämställt land där män och kvinnor har lika möjligheter, fortsätter traditionella könsrollThis book deals with women and socioeconomic change in twentieth century Sweden. The main focus is on how women’s education and labor force participation have affected fertility over time. Although many perceive Sweden as a country where men and women have equal opportunities, traditional gender roles continue to constrain male and female activities and opportunities. The gender division of labor

This paper investigates the impact of labour-market attachment on first births of foreign-born women in Sweden. The study uses a longitudinal, register-based dataset consisting of the entire population of immigrants from ten nations and a 5-per-cent random sample of natives. The effects of earned income are evident, with increased income levels increasing the probability of becoming a mother for a

Objective: To study antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP) and rheumatoid factor in patients with active, severe extra-articular rheumatoid arthritis (ExRA) compared with controls without ExRA. Methods: 35 consecutive patients with severe ExRA manifestations according to predefined criteria were studied. 70 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but no ExRA manifestations, individuall

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingsarbetets främsta syfte har varit att analysera vilka drivkrafter som ligger bakom beslutet att återvandra, samt att kartlägga återvandringen från Sverige 1968-1996 avseende sammansättning och utvecklingsmönster. Analysen har bedrivits ur ett arbetsmarknadsekonomiskt perspektiv, med fokus på den långsiktiga utvecklingen av tillgång och efterfrågan på arbetskraThis book deals with return migration from Sweden in the period 1968-1996 to Chile, Germany, Greece, Iran, Poland, Turkey, United States and Yugoslavia, against the background of economic and political developments in Sweden and in the different source countries. An important question in the study regards whether return migrants deviate from other immigrants in terms of human capital characteristi

Emergence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) populations that switch or broaden coreceptor usage from CCR5 to CXCR4 is intimately coupled to CD4(+) cell depletion and disease progression toward AIDS. To better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the coreceptor switch, we determined the nucleotide sequences of 253 V1 to V3 env clones from 27 sequential HIV-1 subtype B isolat