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OBJECTIVE: Anemia during early pregnancy (EP) is common in developing countries and is associated with adverse health consequences for both mother and children. Offspring of women with EP anemia often have low birth-weight, the latter being a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D) later in life. Mechanisms underlying developmental programming of adult cardiometabo
Peatland degradation due to human activities is contributing to rising atmospheric CO2 levels. Restoring the carbon (C) sink function in degraded peatlands and preventing further stored C losses is a key climate mitigation strategy, given the global scale of peatland disturbance. Active restoration involving a combination of rewetting and vegetation reestablishment at a post-extraction peatland in
In seasonally variable environments, phenotypic plasticity in phenology may be critical for adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions. Using an 18-generation longitudinal dataset from natural damselfly populations, we show that phenology has strongly advanced. Individual fitness data suggest this is likely an adaptive response towards a temperature-dependent optimum. A laboratory experime
Background: High intake of added sugar have been suggested to impact the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Knowledge on the subject can contribute to preventing CVD. Objectives: To assess the effects of a high versus low-added sugar consumption for primary prevention of CVD in the general population. Search methods: We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the C
Changes in nutrient bioavailability due to increased loading of dissolved organic matter (DOM) may impact boreal freshwaters. Yet, the relative bioavailability of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) associated with terrestrial DOM remains poorly understood. We applied short-term bioassays with natural bacterial inocula to determine seasonal variation in bioavailable organic nutrient pools
Wild chimpanzee populations in West Africa (Pan troglodytes verus) have dramatically decreased as a direct consequence of anthropogenic activities and infectious diseases. Little information is currently available on the epidemiology, pathogenic significance, and zoonotic potential of protist species in wild chimpanzees. This study investigates the occurrence and genetic diversity of intestinal an
The concept of institutional logics is key to those who investigate organizational change, especially those who seek to understand the tension and impact of combining the logics of market and mission. Such a combination of logics, being an espoused financial sustainability solution for the funding-scarce nonprofit sector, is an increasingly prominent phenomenon. While there are several studies on
Multiplex Antibody-Detection by Agglutination-PCR (ADAP) assay was compared to singleplex standard radiobinding assays (RBA) to detect autoantibodies against insulin (IAA), GAD65 (GADA), islet antigen-2 (IA-2A), ZnT8 (ZnT8A) and tissue transglutaminase (TGA). Serum samples from 272 (114F/158M), 15-73 years of age healthy controls and 227 (109F/118M) newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes children, 1-11 y
Worldwide, racial and ethnic minorities have been disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 with increased risk of infection, its related complications, and death. In the initial phase of population-based vaccination in the United States (U.S.) and United Kingdom (U.K.), vaccine hesitancy may result in differences in uptake. We performed a cohort study among U.S. and U.K. participants who volunteere
Background: The Chronic Kidney Disease in children (CKiD) equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate eGFR = k × Ht / SCr (Ht = height in cm, SCr = serum creatinine in mg/dL), with fixed k = 0.413, has recently been optimized by introducing age/sex dependent k-values valid for young children up to young adults (the CKiD Under 25 years (CKiDU25) equation). Although the CKiD equation was designe
Two patterns of bacterial growth response upon drying and rewetting (DRW) of soils have previously been identified. Bacterial growth can either start increasing immediately after rewetting in a linear fashion (“type 1” response) or start increasing exponentially after a lag period (“type 2” response). The effect of repeated DRW cycles was studied in three soils with different response patterns aft
Anthropogenic warming is expected to accelerate global soil organic carbon (SOC) losses via microbial decomposition, yet, there is still no consensus on the loss magnitude. In this Perspective, we argue that, despite the mechanistic uncertainty underlying these losses, there is confidence that a strong, positive land carbon–climate feedback can be expected. Two major lines of evidence support net
Feedbacks between the intertwined water and carbon cycles in semi-arid mountain ecosystems can introduce large uncertainties into projections of carbon storage. In this study, we sought to understand the influence of key mechanisms on carbon balances, focusing on an ecosystem whose complex terrain and large interannual variability in precipitation adds to its vulnerability to warming. We applied a
Most patients with ovarian cancer experience recurrence and develop resistance to platinum-based agents. The diagnosis of platinum resistance based on the platinum-free interval is not always accurate and timely in clinical settings. Herein, we used laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to visualize the platinum distribution in the ovarian cancer tissues at the time of interv
The NMR data obtained from hydroxy protons have been used to investigate the presence and absence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in aqueous solutions of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl galabioside (α-D-Galp-(1→4)-β-D-Galp-O(CH2)2SiMe3) and the S-linked 4-thiodisaccharide analogue. The data show that there is a weak hydrogen bond interaction between O-6H and O-2'H in galabioside, but not in the thio-an
Håkan Wallander is a professor in Soil Biology and the reader is guided through the fascinating world below ground. The book has a free form and the author mixes scientific facts with personal stories from active research experiences and everyday life. The main focus is to make the reader aware of the vast biodiversity that exists in the soil, and to describe the important processes provided by th
In ecology, multifunctionality metrics measure the simultaneous performance of multiple ecosystem functions. If species diversity describes the variety of species that together build the ecosystem, multifunctionality attempts to describe the variety of functions these species perform. A range of methods have been proposed to quantify multifunctionality, successively attempting to alleviate problem
To date, most studies on coupled-water-and-heat processes in frozen soils haves focused on the mechanism of changes in frozen soil and the contribution of climate change, hydrological processes, and ecosystems in cold regions. Several studies have demonstrated considerable improvements in the accuracy of simulating water and heat transfer processes in cold regions. However, substantial differences
Leaf functional traits are key indicators of plant functions useful for inferring complex plant processes, including their responses to environmental changes. Vegetation indices (VIs) composed of a few reflectance wavelengths hold the advantages of being relatively simple and effective and have been widely used within remote sensing to estimate leaf traits. However, the difference between the refl
