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The concept of convergence, that is, how unrelated animals independently evolve similar morphological traits, is a fundamental aspect of evolution. Hitherto, the Mesozoic ichthyosaurs were regarded as the sole obligate marine reptiles that achieved a fully streamlined body and a semilunate tail fluke. However, analyses of vertebral centrum morphometrics and process orientation have revealed that a
I here propose a modification of the English butterfly census method (Pollard 1977) for studies of large areas with a relatively low density of butterflies. The transect line should not be more than 10 m from any point in open terrain and open forests, but only 5 m from sunny edges and patches with a high density of flowers. The transect line is adjusted between visits to most intensively cover si
The phylogeny of the cetrarioid lichens with bifusiform spermatia and dorsiventral thalli which contain usnic acid is reanalysed using three parts of the genome, ITS rDNA, b-tubulin and GAPDH sequences. Molecular data from five cetrarioid species are presented for the first time, and 13 new sequences are combined with sequences from the gene bank to delimit the genus Nephromopsis. A monophyletic c
Pointwise limit distribution results are given for the isotonic regression estimator at a point of discontinuity. The cases treated are independent data, phi- and alpha-mixing data and subordinated Gaussian long range dependent data. Pointwise limit results for the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator of a monotone density are given at a point of discontinuity, for independent data. The limi
For biomass fuelled CHP in sizes below 100 kW, Stirling engines are the only feasible alternative today. Using wood powder as fuel, the Stirling engine can be heated directly by the flame like when using a gaseous or liquid fuel burner. However, the combustion chamber will have to be much larger due to the slow burning of the fuel. To avoid sintering of ash the flame temperature in a biomass burne
Green products are becoming part of contemporary consumer cultures and part of everyday life. But how are green products constructed? And how do they work? This paper is concerned with the role that marketing plays in the making and circulation of green products. My aim is to illuminate the process of green making. Departing from an understanding of marketing as socio- material practice I analyse
Complex product form generation methods have rarely been used within the field of industrial design. The difficulty in their use is mainly linked to constraints – such as functionality, production and cost – that apply to most products. By cou-pling a mathematically described morphology to an optimisation system, it may be possible to generate a complex product form, compliant with engineering and
Thermal stability of food-borne pathogens in apple cider is influenced by the composition of the product. As a preliminary step to determine the effect of pasteurization of apple cider on the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7, a study was carried out to characterize apples and unpasteurized apple cider produced by a Guelph area orchard. Samples of commercial unpasteurized cider and the constitu
What research has been accomplished hitherto on the subject of anarchism within Islam? How has Islamic anarchism been approached and conceived by researchers and advocates? How might this field be approached? What are some of the challenges inherent in the study of anarchism in Islam? This chapter attempts to answer these questions while raising new ones. Work by Ahmet Karamustafa, Patricia Crone,
Flexibla och ekonomiska system för eldrift av vägfordon är ett område med aktiv utveckling och forskning. Denna rapport tillämpar sådana system för drift av alla stadsbussar i Lund. En programvara för simulering och ekonomisk optimering av sådana system har utvecklats och några systemkonstruktioner presenteras. Ett försök till realistiska kostnader och resultat uppskattningar av de viktigaste kompFlexible and economic systems for full electric operation of road vehicles are an area of intense research and development. This report applies such systems to the operation of all city buses in Lund. Software for simulation and economic optimization of such systems is developed and a few system designs are presented. An attempt to a realistic cost and performance estimate of the main components i
The use of coarse-grain reconfigurable architectures (CGRA) is a suitable alternative for hardware acceleration in many application areas, including digital holographic imaging. In this paper, we propose a CGRA-based system with an array of processing and memory cells, which communicate using a local and a global communication network, and a stream memory controller to manage data transfers to ext
A silica substituted alpha phase tricalcium phosphate was developed by way of solid state reaction. The difference in reactivity of two different production methods using isothermal calorimetry and X- ray diffraction was also recorded. It was suggested that a silica substituted alpha phase tricalcium phosphate can be produced and characterized by way of X-ray measurement. Referencing selected sign
Ultra-short X-ray pulses are generated by focusing 150 fs laser pulses with an energy of 200 mJ onto metal targets. Focal intensities are expected to reach 1018 WI cm2• An efficient X-ray source has been developed. This X-ray source has been characterised, with an emphasis on photon energies above 10 keV. Measurements of the spectral distribution of X-rays, the overall X-ray yield and the spatial
