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The purpose of this book chapter is to investigate to what extent technical function can be protected under European Union (EU) copyright law. Technical function has been explicitly excluded under other regimes of protection in the Union, for example, trademark and design protection law, to avoid overlap (also known as cumulation) between these regimes and patent law. No such statutory provisions
Since the 1980’s, additive manufacturing (AM) has gradually advanced from rapid prototyping applications towards fabricating end consumer products. Many small companies may prefer accessing AM technologies through service providers offering production services as result-oriented Industrial Product-Service System (IPSS) rather than investing in their own production line. This study investigated pot
Migration and mobility is an increasingly important topic within the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP). The very first ENP Strategy Papers already acknowledged that perspectives for lawful migration and common efforts to combat illegal migration, as well as the establishment of efficient mechanisms for return, are crucial determinants for successful cooperation with neighbouring countries. With
Lean construction principles have been successfully adopted in a variety of industries to increase project management quality. This paper addresses maintenance planning in Sweden and analyses its effectiveness in the framework of lean construction principles. To investigate the status and improvement potential of maintenance contractors’ performance, the study focuses on the detailed planning proc
The Texas Revised Inventory of Grief (TRIG) was developed to measure the intensity of grief after the death of a close person. It consists of two scales: TRIG I (past behaviors) and TRIG II (present feelings). Because of inconsistencies in previous validations, the instrument needs to be further validated, hence the aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the TRIG in a sam
Customer service plays an important role for the competitive strength in the market place. Customer service is however also a concern on the supply side of the company in the sense that assessing, selecting and developing suppliers to improve their customer service can make them contributing to the competitiveness of the company. It is from the latter perspective that this research has been carrie
In urban property development projects, attention to the needs and aspirations of local communities is often neglected. Although some developers still consider local community stakeholders to be a potential threat to their developments, in many developed countries, stakeholder participation is embedded within statutory processes such as the formal planning process and is increasingly regarded as a
PURPOSE: The early loss of a parent is a tragedy and a serious life event. This study investigated grief resolution and morbidity in cancer-bereaved teenagers 6 to 9 years after the loss of a parent to cancer. METHODS: In a nationwide population-based study of 622 of 851 (73 %) youths who as teenagers 6 to 9 years earlier had lost a parent to cancer, we explored the magnitude of unresolved grief a
Human appreciation of nature and natural elements is ubiquitous. The role of emotions in human relationships with nature has received increasing attention within environmental psychology, for example by employing constructs such as affinity with nature. Also, researchers are recognizing the importance of studying emotions for understanding human-wildlife interactions (Jacobs, 2009; Johansson &
Requirements engineering for commercial off-the-shelf software packages entails special challenges. This paper presents preliminary results from an empirical study investigating these challenges through a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews. The survey is exploratory with the objective of eliciting relevant topics for further research. Seven employees at five software companies w
In order to reduce the vibration transmission in multi-storey wood buildings, it is common to insert viscoelastic elastomer materials between parts of the buildings. The studies presented here investigate to which extent different design choices for the elastomer layers affect the isolation of low-frequency vibrations (0-100 Hz). A finite element model of two storeys of a multi-storey wood buildin
Estimation of kidney function is often part of daily clinical practice, mostly done by using the endogenous GFR-markers creatinine or cystatin C. A recommendation to use both markers in parallel in 2010 has resulted in new knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of kidney disorders by identification of a new set of kidney disorders, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. These syndromes,
The E4SD (Energy for Sustainable Development) Online Course is a joint initiative led by the International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics (IIIEE) at Lund University, Sweden with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development (GNESD) as partners. The overall objective of
This paper describes the research stimulated by a fundamental shift that is occurring in the manufacture and marketing of aero engines for commercial and defence purposes, away from the selling of products to the provision of services. This research was undertaken in an aerospace company, which designs and manufactures aero engines and also offers contracts, under which it remains responsible for
