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Denna uppsats syftar till att fastställa hur införandet av Enhetliga Patent och den Europeiska- och EU-patentdomstolen kommer att påverka läkemedelsindustrins val av patentansökningsförfarande när de ansöker om patent i Europa i framtiden. För att fastställa de förväntade effekterna av Enhetliga Patent på branschen har intervjuer med ett urval personer inom forskning- och utvecklingsföretag och enThis thesis aims to establish how the introduction of the Unitary Patent and the European and European Union Patent Court will affect the pharmaceutical industry’s choice of patent application route when applying for patents in Europe in the future. To establish the expected effect of the Unitary Patent on the industry interviews with a selection of professionals in the research and development in

In this study, the quantitative relationship between the three dimensions of transformative capacity – cognitive, structural and agency – and the climate change performance of countries is examined. To do this, indexes are created and panel data regressions conducted. The result indicates a significant negative relationship between the cognitive and diversity dimension index and climate change per

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka förekomsten av pares på n. laryngeus superior hos patienter som genomgått en thyroidektomi. Studien syftade även till att undersöka om en dylik pares kan upptäckas vid flera olika pre- och postoperativa undersökningsmetoder samt hur patienterna upplever sin röst före och efter operation. Metod: I studien ingick 20 deltagare. Samtliga deltagare genomförde

Particle induced oxidative stress is a probable pathway for many of the detrimental health-effects caused by particulate matter (PM). Recent studies on the exposure to oxidative potential (OP) in ambient fine and coarse PM suggest that anthropogenic particle pollutants, especially vehicular wear, anthropogenic primary and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are more toxic on mass basis and more relev

Majoriteten av världens extremt fattiga bor i rurala områden och 300 miljoner av dem i Indien och Kina. Trots att länderna kommit en bit på vägen i sin strukturella omvandling arbetar fortfarande runt hälften av befolkningen på landsbygden inom jordbruket. De direkta och indirekta effekterna som den primära sektorn skapar har visat sig viktiga av olika anledningar. Hur detta kommer sig undersöks n

Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry is not adequate for the determination of some potentially hazardous trace elements, such as Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb at low concentration in PM2.5 atmospheric aerosol particles. Therefore, a method has been developed for the determination of these elements in atmospheric aerosol particles using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace ato

Objective: To determine the validity of 15 standardized instruments frequently used to measure the outcome of chronic arthritis treatment. Methods: Analyses were performed on data collected at a rehabilitation programme (n=216). The outcome measures evaluated were health-related quality of life, global health, pain, physical function and aerobic capacity. The instrument items were linked to the In

By combining data from the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register and Swedish census registers we have calculated the past age-specific incidence of primary knee arthroplasties and predicted the demand. During the last 20 years, osteoarthrosis has accounted for the largest increase in number of knee arthroplasties while operations for rheumatoid arthritis remained constant. The mean yearly number of o

The SBP values to be achieved by antihypertensive therapy in order to maximize reduction of cardiovascular outcomes are unknown; neither is it clear whether in patients with a previous cardiovascular event, the optimal values are lower than in the low-to-moderate risk hypertensive patients, or a more cautious blood pressure (BP) reduction should be obtained. Because of the uncertainty whether 'the

To provide practical guidelines for the cytopathologic diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma.

To provide practical guidelines for the cytopathologic diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma (MM). Cytopathologists involved in the International Mesothelioma Interest Group (IMIG) and the International Academy of Cytology (IAC), who have an interest in the field contributed to this update. Reference material includes peer-reviewed publications and textbooks. This article is the result of discussion

I september 1931 tvingades Sverige överge guldmyntfoten. Landet bytte myntfot – från guld till papper – med stabilisering av prisnivån som officiellt mål. Det var första och enda gången ett land försökt sig på något sådant. Sverige anses därigenom ha föregripit den inflationsmålspolitik som sedan 1990-talet bedrivs i ett antal länder, däribland Sverige. I denna bok undersöks hur den nya penning-

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bakgrund Avsikten med denna studie har varit att värdera om det idag föreligger tecken som tyder på att utvecklingen av diagnostiska hjälpmedel och behandlingsmetoder vid cancer i bukspottkörteln har åtföljts av en förbättrad prognos, samt att värdera vilken roll rökning och magsårsoperation kan ha för uppkomsten av sjukdomen. Pancreascancer, cancer i bukspottkörteln, The objective of this thesis has been to assess whether there are indications suggesting that new methods for diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic carcinoma (PCa) has been followed by an improved prognosis, and to assess the possible role of smoking and gastric resection in the causation of the disease. Of the 1,200 new cases PCa diagnosed in Sweden yearly, the majority are older than 70 years,

Cancer-associated gene fusions resulting in chimeric proteins or aberrant expression of one or both partner genes are pathogenetically and clinically important in several hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Since the advent of different types of massively parallel sequencing (MPS), the number of identified gene fusions has increased dramatically, prompting the question whether they all have

The alteration of release of calcium ions from biological tissue by electromagnetic stimulation has bien reported by several authors (Kaczmarec and Adey 1974:, Bawin et al. 1975, 1978; Bawin and Adey 1976; Blackman et al. 1979, l980a,å; Joines and Blackman 1980, l98l; Joines et al. l98O). Bawin etal. (1975) reported that 147 MHz radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation altered the release of The 'ion cyclotron resonance hypothesis' was explored by Liboff et al. (1987) in an experiment involving incorporation of calcium-45 (n5Ca2*) in mixed human lymphocytes. The geomagnetic horizontal field component was'adjusted to 2l pT. The experiment was first performed at an amplitude of the applied oscillating field of 150 pT and a sharp minimum was obtained at the frequency of l43Hz, which corr

Background--Long-term disease progression after myocardial infarction (MI) is inadequately understood. We evaluated the pattern and angiographic properties (culprit lesion [CL]/non-CL [NCL]) of recurrent MI (re-MI) in a large real-world patient population. Methods and Results--Our observational study used prospectively collected data in 108 615 patients with first-occurrence MI enrolled in the SWE

Objective: Men who have sex with men (MSM) in sub-Saharan Africa remain hidden and hard to reach for involvement in HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) services. The aim of the current study was to describe MSM social networks in a large and a small Tanzanian city in order to explore their utility for peer-based healthcare interventions. Methods: Data were collected through respondent-dri

OBJECTIVES: Health utilities derived from answers to generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaires such as the EuroQol 5-Dimensions (EQ-5D) are often used in cost-utility analyses (CUAs) of new and expensive treatments. Different preference sets (tariffs) used in the computation of utility values and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) from questionnaire responses (health states) y

Background: Depression is linked with alexithymia, anxiety, high HbA1c concentrations, disturbances of cortisol secretion, increased prevalence of diabetes complications and all-cause mortality. The psycho-educational method 'affect school with script analysis' and the mind-body therapy 'basic body awareness treatment' will be trialled in patients with diabetes, high HbA1c concentrations and psych