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The distribution of 50 species in the south Swedish provinces of Skane (Scania). Halland, Blekinge, Oland and Smaland has been mapped. Many of the species are endemic to southern Scandinavia and some are local endemics within the investigated area. However, there are also several species with a wider North European distribution. Within the area, the number of species shows a regular decline from t
To increase the overall ethanol yield from softwood, the steam pretreatment stage can be carried out in two steps. The two-step pretreatment process was evaluated from a techno-economic standpoint and compared with the one-step pretreatment process. The production plants considered were designed to utilize spruce as raw material and have a capacity of 200 000 tons/year. The two-step process result
Different functions for the programming of the cross flow in asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation were studied with the aim to find the flow conditions most suitable for the molar mass distribution analysis of high molecular weight polysaccharides. A mixture of four differently sized pullulans covering the molar mass range 5.8 x 10(3)-1.6 x 106 g mol(-1) were used as a model sample. Two type
This paper reports on a parallel implementation of a general 3D multi-block CFD code. The parallelization is achieved by using three strategies. Firstly, it is done on dual-processor PC-clusters where Windows NT systems are running. A multi-thread programming model is adopted for the multi-block code, where one thread corresponds to a block. Shared-memory is used for the exchange of inner-boundari
Analysis of small-scale movement patterns of animals we may help to understand and predict movement at a larger scale, such as dispersal, which is a key parameter in spatial population dynamics. We have chosen to study the movement of a soil-dwelling Collembola, Protaphorura armata, in an experimental system consisting of a clay surface with or without physical obstacles. A combination of video re
One way to extend the lean-burn limit of a natural gas engine is by addition of hydrogen to the primary fuel. This paper presents measurements made on a one-cylinder, 1.6- liter natural gas engine. Two combustion chambers, one slow and one fast burning, were tested with various amounts of hydrogen (0, 5, 10 and 15%-vol) added to natural gas. Three operating points were investigated for each combus
Global cleft surgery missions have provided much-needed care to millions of poor patients worldwide. Still, surgical capacity in low- and middle-income countries is generally inadequate. Through surgical missions, global cleft care has largely ascribed to a vertical model of healthcare delivery, which is disease specific, and tends to deliver services parallel to, but not necessarily within, the l
The Department of Physics at Lund University is participating in a European Union project called EUMAPP (European Union Microdose AMS Partnership Programme), in which sample preparation and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements of biological samples from microdosing studies have been made. This paper describes a simplified method of converting biological samples to solid graphite for C-
Africa is an important part of the global carbon cycle. It is also a continent facing potential problems due to increasing resource demand in combination with climate change-induced changes in resource supply. Quantifying the pools and fluxes constituting the terrestrial African carbon cycle is a challenge, because of uncertainties in meteorological driver data, lack of validation data, and potent
Background The ankle brachial index (ABI) is related to risk of cardiovascular events independent of the Framingham risk score (FRS). The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a risk model for cardiovascular events incorporating the ABI and FRS. Design An analysis of participant data from 18 cohorts in which 24,375 men and 20,377 women free of coronary heart disease had ABI measured and w
Even though the mammalian heart has been investigated for many years, there are still uncertainties in the fields of cardiac cell biology and regeneration with regard to exact fractions of cardiomyocytes (CMs) at different developmental stages, their plasticity after cardiac lesion and also their basal turnover rate. A main shortcoming is the accurate identification of CM and the demonstration of
A bench-scale unit for the development of an enzymatic process for the bioconversion of lignocellulosics to ethanol has been used to study the recycling of waste-water streams to minimize fresh-water requirements and reduce effluent streams. Willow, after impregnation with sulphur dioxide, was steam-pretreated, enzymatically hydrolysed, and the sugars produced were fermented using S. cerevisiae. T
Knowledge about subjects who sustain hip fractures in middle age is poor. This study prospectively investigated risk factors for hip fracture in middle age and compared risk factors for cervical and trochanteric hip fractures. The Malmo Preventive Project consists of 22,444 men, mean age 44 years, and 10,902 women, mean age 50 years at inclusion. Baseline assessment included multiple examinations
Experience curves are used to analyse the prospects for diffusion and adoption of renewable energy technologies, with special emphasis on wind turbines and photovoltaic (PV) modules. The analysis shows that the possibility of cost reductions of renewable energy technologies is greater than for conventional energy technologies. However, large investments are necessary to make wind turbines and PV m
Purpose: Previous studies have shown that spinal alpha1-adrenoceptors can influence voiding in normal rats and in rats with outlet obstruction. Also, at the supraspinal level such receptors may be involved in voiding control. Therefore, we studied in rats the effects on cystometrography of intracerebroventricular administered alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists. Materials and Methods: Continuous cysto
We aimed to study trends in gender-related differences in incidence, and prevalence for tong-term oxygen therapy due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Another aim was to study survival after onset of oxygen therapy. Prospectively followed were 5689 Swedish patients, who were prescribed oxygen therapy because of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from 1987 to 2000. The annual incidence o
An approach to teaching calorimetry is offered through practical, versatile undergraduate experiments using an isothermal heat conduction calorimeter, which measures a variety of heat changes--enthalpies of phase changes, hydration, dissolution, adsorption and desorption, and reaction--as well as the metabolic rate of living organisms. Isothermal heat-conduction calorimetry is contrasted with adia
