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Background: BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers are at high risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Oral contraceptive preparations (OCPs) may reduce ovarian cancer risk, but its effect on breast cancer risk remains unclear. Methods: Combined data from three cohorts of 5705 BRCA1 and 3521 BRCA2 mutation carriers (IBCCS, BCFR and kConFab) were analyzed using age-dependent Cox regression models stratified
Introduction: The purpose of the study was to elucidate the association between smoking and estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) levels in young healthy women from highrisk families. Cigarette smoke contains multiple carcinogens and is considered a risk factor for breast cancer. However, tobacco also contains aromatase inhibiting substances, but the impact on hormonal levels in young women at the a
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate potential associations between body composition and current smoking in young healthy women from high-risk families. Cigarette smoke contains >7000 chemicals of which 69 are established carcinogens and smoke also acts as an aromatase inhibitor. Smoking is now recognized as a carcinogen for the breast and influences both risk and prognosis.
To manage complex and dynamic socio-technical systems places demands on teams to deal with a range of more and less foreseeable situations. Three groups of participants with different maritime experiences were studied using the same simulation of a ship to better understand the role of generic competencies (e.g. information management, communication and coordination, decision making, and effect co
Reliable electrical power supply is a prerequisite for the modern society, and if it fails it can cause severe consequences in terms of economic losses and even fatalities. It is thus important to analyse the vulnerability of the electric power system. Network analysis has previously been used to analyse the vulnerability of electric transmission systems, however recent events in Sweden have shown
A new method for identifying and ranking critical components and sets of components in technical infrastructures is presented. The criticality of a component or a set of components is defined as the vulnerability of the system to failure in a specific component, or set of components. The identification of critical components is increasingly difficult when considering multiple simultaneous failures
Introduction: Increased exhaled nitric oxide (NO) levels in asthma are suggested to be through inducible NO synthase (iNOS). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of iNOS in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and tissue from central and peripheral airways and compare it with the exhaled bronchial and alveolar NO levels in patients with asthma vs a control group. Methods: Thirty-t
An increasing number of patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumour could survive to reproductive age. However, it is largely unknown whether the history of CNS tumour might affect pregnancy outcome. We aimed to explore the risk of being born pretem among children of CNS tumour survivors. By linking several nationwide registers in Sweden, we identified 1369 children whose parents were childh
Aging negatively affects hematopoiesis, with consequences for immunity and acquired blood cell disorders. Although impairments in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function contribute to this, the in vivo dynamics of such changes remain obscure. Here, we integrate extensive longitudinal functional assessments of HSC-specific lineage tracing with single-cell transcriptome and epitope profiling. In cont
Declines in European bird populations are reported for decades but the direct effect of major anthropogenic pressures on such declines remains unquantified. Causal relationships between pressures and bird population responses are difficult to identify as pressures interact at different spatial scales and responses vary among species. Here, we uncover direct relationships between population time-se
Species’ range shifts and local extinctions caused by climate change lead to community composition changes. At large spatial scales, ecological barriers, such as biome boundaries, coastlines, and elevation, can influence a community's ability to shift in response to climate change. Yet, ecological barriers are rarely considered in climate change studies, potentially hindering predictions of biodiv
Climate change has been associated with both latitudinal and elevational shifts in species’ ranges. The extent, however, to which climate change has driven recent range shifts alongside other putative drivers remains uncertain. Here, we use the changing distributions of 378 European breeding bird species over 30 years to explore the putative drivers of recent range dynamics, considering the effect
At present, air conditioning (AC) is the most effective means for the cooling of indoor space. However, its increased global use is problematic for various reasons. This is a correspondence to the supplementary opinion provided by Dr. Bin Yang, Dr. Stefano Schiavon, and Dr. Faming Wang to our paper titled “Challenges of using air conditioning in an increasingly hot climate.” The paper explored the
Long term effect of testosterone (T) deficiency impairs metabolism and is associated with muscle degradation and metabolic disease. The association seems to have a bidirectional nature and is not well understood. The present study aims to investigate the early and unidirectional metabolic effect of induced T changes by measuring fasting amino acid (AA) levels in a human model, in which short-term
Background: Several factors have been reported that influence the probability of a germline CDKN2A mutation in a melanoma family. Our goal was to create a scoring system to estimate this probability, based on a set of clinical features present in the patient and his or her family. Methods: Five clinical features and their association with CDKN2A mutations were investigated in a training cohort of
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of exercise therapy on molecular biomarkers related to cartilage and inflammation in people at risk of, or with established, knee osteoarthritis by conducting a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).METHODS: Literature search up to September 2017 in five major databases with no restriction on publication year or language. Data were extracted
The objective of this study was to assess erysipelas incidence before and after liposuction treatment for patients suffering from post-mastectomy lymphedema. A prospective cohort study of 130 patients at Skåne University Hospital in Malmö, Sweden with postmastectomy arm lymphedema, who had poor outcomes from prior conservative treatment and clinical signs of subcutaneous adipose tissue hypertrophy
Heart failure (HF) is the end-stage of all heart disease and arguably constitutes the greatest unmet therapeutic need in cardiovascular medicine today. Classic epidemiological studies have established clinical risk factors for HF, but the cause remains poorly understood in many cases. Biochemical analyses of small case-control series and animal models have described a plethora of molecular charact
The increased survival in malignant cutaneous melanoma (melanoma) is probably due to early diagnosis combined with improved treatment most recently. National health campaigns and screening programs for melanoma detection were started in Sweden several decades ago. We want to assess the influence of tumor characteristics, based on the TNM classification, and of second primary cancers on overall sur
