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The effects on trade from negotiating and entering voluntary partnership agreement is estimated using forest product trade data from 2000 to 2014 on countries in the Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) licensing process. Gravity model framework is used and the result shows that beginning negotiations lead to an export drop by approximately 0.6 percent and is relatively stable the

Fuel cells are considered as a promising alternative environmentally benign power source to the existing ones depending on petroleum oil. Especially, proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been intensively developed during the last decade because of their wide application windows including various portable, stationary and transportation applications. The market has been and will be main

A trend, which can be noted in the field of cash handling, is the increase of ATMs that are able to recirculate banknotes. Cash recycling means that notes deposited by one customer are then available for withdrawal by another from the same machine. Cash recycling has both economic advantages and reduces environment impact, as transport to machines for filling and emptying them can be decreased. Wh

A shift from fossil- to renewable biomass feedstock for the emerging bio-based economy requires the development and adoption of new sustainable technologies that are more suited for transformation of biomass components to chemicals, materials and energy. This thesis presents investigations on the development of processes based on industrial biotechnology as a key element for the production of chem

Matrilin-2 is a member of the protein superfamily with von Willebrand factor type A-like modules. Mouse matrilin-2 cDNA fragments were expressed in 293-EBNA cells, and the protein was purified, characterized, and used to immunize rabbits. The affinity-purified antiserum detects matrilin-2 in dense and loose connective tissue structures, subepithelial connective tissue of the skin and digestive tra

This paper considers the potential inflation effects of a global carbon price on consumer prices, investment prices, export prices, and import prices. We estimate the effects under three different scenarios. The results clearly indicate that the inflation effects in developed countries of a 100 USD/ton carbon price are small. For developing countries, the inflation effect is larger and potentially

In recent years, Iceland has experienced a growing demand for residential housing and the average square-meter price for apartments and single-family homes in the Capital Region has almost doubled between 2010 and 2019. Property sales in Iceland are most commonly intermediated by real estate brokers and the sales process stands in contrast to other Nordic countries, since it involves a bidding pro

Most of the recombinant proteins produced nowadays are fused to affinity tags, in order to facilitate their purification through affinity chromato-graphy. Out the different tags available, poly-histidine tags are among the most commonly used and can help purification through immobilised metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC). In this thesis, we present different metal binding tags, and their af

The research work that I describe in my thesis deals with three different heterogenisation approaches for synthesising a heterogeneous transition metal catalyst used for direct C-H activation reactions. The three heterogenisation approaches considered in my research are: (1) heterogenisation of a molecular catalyst on a polymer support using covalent bonds, (2) heterogenisation of a catalyst on a

Rare earth elements are strategic commodities in many countries, and an important resource for the growing modern technology industry. As such, there is an increasing interest for development of rare earth element processing, and this work is a part of further development of chromatography as a rare earth element separation process method. Process optimization is pivotal for process development, a