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Agricultural policies have always had a tendency to be controversial. In many cases they generate major transfers of welfare between different groups of people, and hence are favoured by some and criticised by others. They also frequently cause trouble at the international level as domestic programmes interfere with trade flows and affect the wellbeing of people in other parts of the world. In add

Popular Abstract in Swedish Nästan alla träd i våra skogar lever i samspel (symbios) med svampar. Många av dessa är ”vanliga” svampar, sådana som vi är vana vid att se och plocka i naturen, (exempelvis soppar, kremlor, riskor, flugsvampar och kantareller) men det finns också de som inte bildar fruktkroppar, eller har fruktkroppar som vi inte ser. Fruktkropparna, de som kan hamna i svampkorgen, är Elevated nitrogen (N) deposition is an environmental problem that can affect plants and microorganisms, which are vital for the terrestrial N and carbon (C) cycles. This thesis has investigated the response of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) to increased N deposition. Ectomycorrhizal fungi form mutualistic interactions with the roots of woody plants, including almost all boreal and temperate forests

Objective: The aim of the present population-based study was to assess the trends of age- and gender-specific incidence of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA). Methods. Patients with rAAA from the city of Malmo, Sweden, were studied between 2000 and 2004. An analysis of trends of incidence and mortality of rAAA in Malmo was possible because of a previous population-based study on patients wi

The present study examined the rheological blood velocity profile in the conduit femoral artery during rhythmic muscle contractions at different muscle forces. Eight healthy volunteers performed one-legged, dynamic knee-extensor exercise at work rates of 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 W at 60 contractions per minute. The time and space-averaged, amplitude-weighted mean ( V-mean) and maximum (V-max) blood f

The objectives of the thesis were to seek a better understanding of polymorphic RBC surface molecules in the Thai, and to investigate the role of certain blood groups in malarial invasion. MALDI-TOF MS was employed in Study I as an efficient method for genotyping to establish the common blood group and platelet antigen genotypes of 396 blood donors. Investigation of outliers identified variation a

HLA-DQA1 and -DQB1 are strongly associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and DQ8.1 and DQ2.5 are major risk haplotypes. Next-generation targeted sequencing of HLA-DQA1 and -DQB1 in Swedish newly diagnosed 1- to 18 year-old patients (n = 962) and control subjects (n = 636) was used to construct abbreviated DQ haplotypes, converted into amino acid (AA) residues, and assessed for their associations wit

Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy is standard treatment for other solid tumours, but to date has not proven effective in prostate cancer. Objective: o evaluate whether six cycles of docetaxel alone improve biochemical disease-free survival after radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer. Design, setting, and participants: Open-label, randomised multinational phase 3 trial. Enrolment of 4

Background: Lead time (LT) is of key importance in early detection of cancer, but cannot be directly measured. We have previously provided LT estimates for prostate cancer (PCa) using archived blood samples from cohorts followed for many years without screening. Objective: To determine the association between LT and PCa grade at diagnosis to provide an insight into whether grade progresses or is s

Trots den snabba utvecklingen av moderna tekniker för narkos och bedövning upplever många patienter smärta efter kirurgi. God smärtlindring efter en operation kan påskynda återhämtningen och därmed minska risken för komplikationer som blodpropp eller infektion. För att uppnå detta måste vi bli bättre på att hitta individer med ökad risk för postoperativ smärta redan innan de sövs. Sedan tidigare kMany patients experience pain after surgery. Postoperative pain may lead to delayed mobilization, persisting pain, and psychosocial distress. Others are given excessive analgesic doses and experience side effects. More optimal use of pain relief has several advantages, such as faster postoperative mobilization and fewer incidents of venous thromboembolism or infection. To achieve this, we must ide

Conference on Remembering Communism: Celebrating 15 years of Democracy, Thessaloniki, June 4-5, 2004 Fifteen Years of Democracy Export in the Balkans: Who Did What to Whom? by Steven Sampson Department of Social Anthropology Lund University Lund, Sweden Contact: Sampson@Get2net.Dk. This paper argues that we must analyze democracy assistance as a specific practice separate from democracy and dem

1. The widespread declines of farmland birds have generally been linked to agricultural intensification. We tested the hypotheses that (i) changes in agricultural policy, through its effects on agricultural intensification and (ii) regional differences in agricultural intensification affect temporal and spatial population trends of farmland birds in Sweden. 2. We analysed regional bird populat

In the current work, we compared the ability of 17 beta-estradiol (E-2) and the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), tamoxifen (Tam), raloxifene (Ral) and ospemifene (Osp) to promote the survival of osteoblast-derived cells against etoposide-incluced apoptosis. In order to compare the roles of the two estrogen receptor (ER) isotypes, we created a U2OS human osteosarcoma cell line stably

Identical in situ dust detectors are flown on board the Galileo and Ulysses spacecraft. They record impacts of micrometeoroids in the ecliptic plane at heliocentric distances from 0.7 to 5.4 AU and in a plane almost perpendicular to the ecliptic from -79 deg to +79 deg ecliptic latitude. The combination of both Ulysses and Galileo measurements yields information about the radial and latitudinal di

Human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) molecules are present on the cell surface of all nucleated cells. They bind intracellular peptides and present them to the immune system thus providing a readout to cytotoxic T-cells about the status of a cell. Maturation of the HLA-I molecule includes peptide binding in the endoplasmic reticulum with the assistance of several other proteins collectively cal

The urinary bladder is responsible for storage and expulsion of urine. Proper urination depends on an ability of the bladder to adjust to increasing volume and to contract during micturition. A disturbance of bladder contractility may affect continence. In the present thesis I have used genetic, biochemical and physiological approaches to examine the role of caveolae and mircoRNAs in bladder funct

Obesity is increasing rapidly in all parts of the world and is now considered to be a global epidemic. Obesity is a major risk factor for several health issues such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. The adipose tissue is central in the maintenance of a normal energy homeostasis in the body for instance via regulating lipid storage and release. Besides being an important energy r

Background: In CIBIS III, initiating chronic heart failure (CHF) treatment with bisoprolol (target dose 10 mg q.d.) followed by combination therapy with enalapril (target dose 10 mg b.i.d.), compared to the opposite order, showed similar effects on survival and hospitalization. By echocardiography, we evaluated the effects of these treatment strategies on cardiac structure and function. Methods: I

OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of persons with poststroke shoulder pain 4 months after onset of the stroke in whom long-lasting shoulder pain develops and to assess the extent to which age, side of paresis at stroke onset, pain frequency and pain intensity, passive shoulder range of motion, resistance to passive movements, motor function, and subluxation at 4 months after stroke predict s

Popular Abstract in Swedish Antalet fallolyckor och frakturer ökar ibland den äldre befolkningen och detta innebär en ökande social och ekonomisk belastning för samhället. En viktig orsak till fallolyckor kan vara dålig balans. Kontrollen av upprätt stående och gångförmåga baseras på komplexa processer av neuromuskulär aktivitet. Denna neuromuskulära aktivitet bygger på sensorisk information från