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BACKGROUND: The escalating global epidemic of obesity is of worldwide concern because of its association with several chronic diseases and premature mortality. Some subgroups seem to be more affected than others. The aim of this study was to examine whether the mean BMI (adjusted for age) and the prevalence of obesity (adjusted for all the explanatory variables) changed between 2000/01 and 2004/05
Objective: Several international guidelines concerning the treatment of acute pancreatitis has been published during the last decades. However, Scandinavian guidelines are still lacking. The aim of the present study is to identify current treatment strategies for acute pancreatitis in Sweden and to evaluate if there is a need for improvement and the role of guidelines. Material and methods: A qu
Popular Abstract in Swedish Nästan 35% av den totala avrinningen i Gula floden härstammar från dess källområde och vattenförsörjningen nedströms är därför beroende av de rådande förhållandena i detta område. Minskad vattenföring i floden på grund av klimatförändringar förväntas leda till negativa konsekvenser för de 110 miljoner invånarna i avrinningsområdet och problem uppstår för såväl jordbrukeThe source region of the Yellow River contributes about 35% of the total water yield in the Yellow River basin playing an important role for meeting the downstream water resources requirements. The declining water availability caused by climate change in the source region of the Yellow River is expected to have severe repercussions for the 110 million basin inhabitants in terms of water resources
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of skin cancer with the current diagnostic procedures relying on surgical excisions and histopathological analyses. Incomplete removal of the tumor necessitates additional surgery, which is both costly and time-consuming, and causes unnecessary suffering for the patient. To address this, non-invasive diagnostic techniques capable of determining th
Tidiga bevis-reformen genomfördes 1 januari 2022, vilket innebar en modernisering av processrätten. Bland annat infördes en ny lagregel, 35:15 RB. Bestämmelsen medförde nya möjligheter att tillåta uppspelning av videoförhör som bevis inför rätten, något som tidigare varit möjligt enbart under vissa förutsättningar. Således innebar lagändringen en uppluckring i bevisomedelbarhetsprincipen, vilket äA reform on Swedish procedural law was implemented on 1 January 2022. Among other things, a new legal on evidence rule was introduced in The Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure, chapter 35, sector 15 (35:15 RB). The provision brought new opportunities to allow the playback of video interrogations as evidence before the court, something that had previously only been possible under certain conditions
The control of large and complex systems is a difficult but important topic. In applications, centralized control, in which all measurements about a system are used to compute control actions, is often preferable, since it allows for a better overview of the system and more precise control. However, in large networks, where the complexity of implementing a centralized controller becomes too diffic
The following thesis is an attempt to analyse the concept of narrative in and around retellings of the events surrounding Czechoslovakia during the First World War and how they are subsequently depicted. This is done by primarily looking at three primary source materials: in English Czech historiography from the past 20 years, an autobiography from WWI and a modern video game on the same subject.
Safe and clean drinking water delivery is challenged by climate change, as elevated temperatures can promote the growth of pathogens and other detrimental microorganisms. The microbial processes underlying drinking water production in slow sand filters (SSFs) are largely uncharacterized, limiting the possibilities of improving this technology. Periodical clogging, potentially by microbes, disrupts
In contemporary times, there is an increasing trend of democratic backsliding, with illiberal actors seeking to infiltrate democracies and dismantle their principles to establish an illiberal order. Within the EU, Hungary under Viktor Orbán and Fidesz has exemplified this trend, challenging not only Hungarian democracy but also the Union's democratic values. As the EU is founded on democratic
Vid immaterialrättstvister är varningsbrev vanligt förekommande. Det är ett formellt meddelande som skickas som en första åtgärd för att informera en angripare om att ett handlande riskerar att utgöra ett immaterialrättsintrång. Syftet bakom informerandet är naturligtvis att få det potentiella intrånget att upphöra. Företeelsen är av central betydelse eftersom den möjliggör tvistlösning utan intråCease-and-desist letters are commonly used in intellectual property disputes. It is a formal communication sent as a first step to inform an aggressor that an action taken risks constituting an infringement. The purpose behind this notification is to stop the potential infringement. It is of vital importance as it enables dispute resolution without infringement proceedings. In addition, the right
Statssuveränitet har länge varit en central princip i folkrätten, men dess tolk-ning och tillämpning har varierat stort genom historien: från romarrikets ius gentium till vår moderna folkrätt har många förändringar skett ekonomiskt, politiskt, kulturellt och inte minst rättsligt. En av de mest intressanta tidspe-rioderna i statssuveränitetens utveckling skedde mellan upprättandet av Nat-ionernas FThe principle of state sovereignty has long been a central principle in public international law, but its interpretation and application have varied greatly through history. One of the most interesting time periods for the develop-ment of state sovereignty can be seen between the establishment of the League of Nations and the foundation of the United Nations. The League of Nations was an attempt t
Background The COVID 19 pandemic has subjected a lot of countries to economic and social turmoil. This has contributed to socio economic as well as psychological challenges undermining the economies of many countries. Immunization is the key in this crucial phase of pandemic that can save a lot of precious lives. But imminent challenges in immunization supply chain of world countries to the native
The present study is grounded upon the traditional concepts of cohesion and differentiation in fashion by Simmel (1904) and Bourdieu (1984). The study reviewed these concepts in the social context of sustainable fashion consumption, with consideration of identity construction and expression. Furthermore, the study looked at the literature on certification labels and their value for consumers. Due
This thesis investigates the legal professionals in Spain during the transitional period from the ancien régime to the liberal state, a period marked by institutional rupture, ideological conflict, and social reconfiguration. The study has the primary aim to understand how the legal professionals contributed, perceived, and resisted the extensive legal changes that took place approximately two cen
This work applied Bayesian Optimization (BO) for the task of calibrating methane-related parameters in the Lund-Potsdam-Jena General Ecosystem Simulator (LPJ-GUESS v4.1). A Gaussian Process (GP) was used as the surrogate model within the BO framework. Additionally, other enhancements we applied to the BO framework such as the use of complexity-penalizing priors for GP hyperparameters and numerical
The European Union has decided to standardize the train control command system on the European railways. The reason for the standardization of the train control command system is to increase the competitiveness of the railway by promoting the ability to run the same train from one end of Europe to the other, without the need to change locomotives and drivers. The train control command system that
Abstract Background – The ability to generate induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) has raised much expectation for treatment of myocardial infarction as a stem cell based therapy. In the present study we aimed to evaluate the ability of iPSC-CM production in vitro from three fibroblast sources and verify if there is inter-clonal or inter-source variance. Methods and Res
In Sweden, migrants suffer from poorer sexual and reproductive health than the general population due to exposures associated with pre- and post-migration process and difficulties that arise when meeting a new heath system. Health literacy is a term that is increasingly used for explaining people’s access to health preventive services, and where migrant populations has shown to possess lower level
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images are used to investigate the heart for medical and research purposes. By injecting a contrast substance into the patient, myocardial infarctions (heart attacks) can be visualized in CMR image sets consisting of a number of image slices at different levels of the heart. Analysis of these images can detect an infarction, delineate it and estimate its size. This
Historiskt sett har människor byggt sina hus med de material som den omgivande naturen gav. Både vass och lera är två sådana material som förekommer naturligt. Det som bl.a. skiljer dessa material åt är de processer som krävs för att de ska kunna användas som taktäckningsmaterial. Vassen skördas och torkas medan leran bearbetas och bränns för att slutligen bli en användbar produkt. I tidigare svenHistorically, people built their houses with the materials that the surrounding nature gave. Reeds and clay are two such materials occurring naturally. A difference between these materials is the processes required for them to be used as roofing material. Reed is harvested and then dried while the clay is processed and fired to finally become the useful product. In earlier Swedish history roofs we
