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BACKGROUND: There was a decrease 1982-2001 in smoking during early pregnancy in Swedish women. We sought to determine whether there was a parallel decrease in socio-economic inequality in smoking. METHODS: Registry data indicating educational level and smoking status at first antenatal visit in all 2,022,469 pregnancies in Sweden 1982-2001 was analysed. Prevalence differences, odds ratios based on

Dendroclimatic investigations of subfossil Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) from two raised bogs in southern Sweden yielded a continuous floating 1492-year long tree-ring record. By cross-dating with bog-pine chronologies from Lower Saxony, Germany, the South Swedish record was assigned an absolute age of 5219-3728 BC. The cross-match between ring-width chronologies from these two regions, separated

Multiple factors contribute to the pathogenesis and prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), still requiring new therapeutic strategies and medications for the disease. The aim of the present study is to investigate the model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chronic lung injury and hyperinflation and test therapeutic effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)

Industrial Symbiosis (IS) is a tool that may facilitate coordination of the factors necessary to improve resource use efficiency in regional levels. This thesis studies the potential of developing an IS network in rural Portugal, that could support the competitiveness of the local companies, whilst also improving their own and the regions environmental profile. The research is based on a hybrid o

In the last few years there has been an ongoing debate concerning the methods of assessing the quality of public libraries and their services. This study investigates the opinions and needs of the users at four different public libraries in Malm : the local libraries in Bellevueg rden, Limhamn, and Kirseberg, and the main library in central Malm . The purpose was to find out whether different user

Our paper is a study about youth and their self-images. During our practical training period we found that the problems young people had always were connected with their self-image. We therefore wanted to find out what youth believe influence their self-image. The purpose of our study was to examine young people and their self-images in a perspective of the ecological systems model. Essential issu

At the foundation of most inequalities in expression of sexuality lie the social constructions of gender. For this reason I consider sex and sexuality education as a possibility to challenge institutionalised sexism and enhance sexual well-being. As sex education has become a battle of morality, non-governmental organisations and others can be seen as alternatives to the national curriculum plan e

Målet med denna studie var att undersöka elevers och lärares uppfattningar om olika mobbningsinterventioners effektivitet på en årskurs 6-9 skola i södra Sverige. Avsikten var även att jämföra dessa två grupper, samt titta på olika aspekter hos elevgruppen så som kön, ålder och involvering i mobbning. Urvalet bestod av 375 elever och 25 lärare. Studiens viktigaste resultat var att lärare skattar iThe aim of this study was to investigate the views of students and teachers, at a middle school in the south of Sweden, about the efficacy of different anti-bullying interventions. The purpose was also to compare these two groups, and look at differences within the student population when it came to their sex, age and involvement in bullying. The sample consisted of 375 students and 25 teachers. T

This thesis aims to reveal the role and significance of occupational clothing for the wearers, exposing some of the thoughts, ideas and opinions that pharmacy workers have about their work uniform, the white coat. My own experiences from working in an environment (a pharmacy) where occupational uniforms were used was one of the reasons for selecting this thesis topic. My interest was also consolid

This study examines and compares theoretical CDS spreads created by a structural framework with empirical CDS spreads. The model employed is the CreditGrades model based on the Merton framework from 1974 which calculate default probabilities and credit spreads from balance sheet and equity data. The aim is to measure how well the model can explain the observed CDS spreads and if it has any predict

Natural enemies exert selection pressure on their prey. Predators and parasitoids drive their prey into the evolution of novel traits to cope with this stress. When eggs and juveniles are the target of enemies, defense strategies may rely on adults. However, it is not easy to predict whether adults should actively protect unrelated offspring. Females of the golden egg bug (Phyllomorpha laciniata)

Although electric resistivity tomography (ERT) is now regarded as a standard tool in permafrost monitoring, high grounding resistances continue to limit the acquisition of time series over complete freeze-thaw cycles. In an attempt to alleviate the grounding resistance problem, we have tested three electrode designs featuring increasing sizes and surface area, in the laboratory and at three differ

Acetone-ether preparations of epididymal fat pads from fasted or fed rats contained two enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of long-chain monoacylglycerols. The enzymes were identified as monoacylglycerol lipase (Tornqvist, H. and Belfrage, P., (1976) J. Biol Chem. 251, 813--819) and lipoprotein lipase by their apparent pI values after electrofocusing in non-ionic detergent, selective inhibition pro

OBJECTIVE: Endoleaks and endotension are critically important complications of some endovascular aortic aneurysm repairs (EVARs). For the resolution of controversial issues and the determination of areas of uncertainty relating to these complications, a conference of 27 interested leaders was held on November 20, 2000. METHODS: These 27 participants (21 vascular surgeons, five interventional radio

The nitrate reductase activity (NRA) was measured during spring, early summer and late summer in three deciduous forests, where the tree layer was dominated by oak. The nitrate assimilation capacities of the compartments of the above-ground and below-ground biomass of the understory and of the leaves and roots of the tree layer were calculated as NRA per unit biomass and NRA per unit area. The NRA

Traditional measures for improved traffic safety need to be complemented by modern technologies in the struggle to reduce the consequences of traffic accidents all over the world. This thesis introduces the Loyal Speed Adaptation (LSA) function based on recent developments in the area of Intelligent Transport Sys-tems to support the vehicle drivers in not using inappropriate or excessive speeds, w

Milk casein concentrates with different casein-to-protein ratios (0.82 and 0.93), pH (5.8, 6.2 and 6.7) and level of applied ultra-high pressure homogenisation (UHPH) (0, 150 and 300 MPa) were studied. Samples with a casein-to-protein ratio of 0.93 at pH 5.8 and subjected to UHPH treatment at 300 MPa had the highest apparent viscosity and particle size followed by similar samples with a casein-to-

Background: About half a billion people with disabilities in developing countries have limited access to assistive technology. The Convention on the Rights of persons with Disabilities requires governments to take measures to ensure provision of such technologies. To guide implementation of these measures there is a need for understanding health outcomes from a human rights perspective. The object

In this study, the integral pulse frequency modulation model is extended to account for the presence of ectopic beats and heart rate turbulence (HRT). Based on this model, a new statistical approach to the detection and characterization of HRT is presented. The detector structure involves a set of Karhunen-LoEve basis functions and a generalized likelihood ratio test statistic T(x) . The three mos