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Denna uppsats redogör för straffvärdebedömningen vid grova narkotikabrott. Fram till 1923 hade narkotika ingen juridisk innebörd i Sverige, men allteftersom det introducerades i samhället och ett missbruk började spridas, började också lagstiftningen utvecklas kring det. När det uppdagades vilka rusframkallande och beroendeframkallande effekter narkotika förde med sig, och att dessa preparat hamnaThis essay describes the assessment of penal value concerning grave narcotic offenses. Up until 1923 narcotics did not have a legal meaning in Sweden, but as it was introduced in society and an addiction started spreading, the legislation also started to evolve around it. When it began to be known what intoxicative and addictive effects narcotics brought with it, and that these preparations starte

Objective: Humanrhinovirus is the most common cause of the common cold worldwide (1). It hasbeen shown that a substantial part of the airborne viruses is found in aerosolparticles in the range of 1-4 µm (2). Studying the infectivity of aerosolparticles in this range is, however, challenging; therefore, not many studieshave been conducted on their infectivity. The aim of this work is toinvestigate

The human brain is a complex and finely tuned organ, constantly monitored and maintained by its resident immune cells.Among these, microglia are the primary regulators of the brain immune environment under physiological conditions, and monocyte-derived macrophages contribute mainly to pathological states such as ischemic stroke and neuronopathic Gaucher’s disease (GD). These two diseases, although

Title: A study of how active therapist talks about the FMT method. FMT-therapists use music as a means of communication. The method is non verbal and uses musical codes to create a framework for the apprentice. The instruments that are being used are piano, drums, a variety of flutes and whistles. The FMT-method is a musical form of therapy that targets all functional disabilities. It is a neuromu

In 1997 Tetra Brik Packaging Systems (TBPS) introduced the Prisma family into the portfolio. The family, which contains four volumes: X ml, 330 ml, 1000 ml and 2000 ml, is characterised by having eight panels at mid height. The new shape of the packages has forced TBPS to make modifications in the equipment and alterations in the distribution chain, from producers to consumers. This master's

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Kvävekoncentrationen i den gröna biomassan hos vegetation är involverad i många olika biokemiska processer i det terrestra ekosystemet. Till exempel så påverkar den fotosyntesen, förmultning och evaportanspirationen, för att nämna några. Därför är den också ofta en av grundparametrarna och drivkraften i olika ekosystem-modeller. Att mäta kvävehalten hos blad/barNitrogen in the green biomass of vegetation plays an important role in many biochemical processes in the terrestrial ecosystems, and often used as an input parameter to ecosystem models. It strongly influences photosynthetic rate, decomposition, and evaportanspiration, to name a few. Measuring nitrogen in field involves a lot of time and money, and it would be valuable if this part of the data col

Åberopandet av bevis i de svenska domstolarna styrs av principen om fri bevisföring, som ger parterna rätt att presentera de bevis de önskar, utan krav om att beviset ska ha tillkommit i enlighet med viss reglering. Från denna princip finns dock vissa undantag. Bevis som härstammar från en anonym källa har ansetts utgöra ett sådant undantag, på grund av oförenligheten med processrättens krav och pThe presenting of evidence within Swedish courts is controlled by the principle of free production of evidence, which gives the parties a right to refer to any evidence, without any requirements regarding its conception. There are however a few exceptions. Evidence originating from anonymous sources has been considered an exception, due to the discrepancy between such evidence and the principles o

De stora häxprocesserna i Europa ägde rum under 1400- till 1700-talet. Framställningen avser att besvara hur den juridiska processen mot häxeriet var utformad samt förklara hur häxförföljelserna kunde uppstå. Den inkvisitoriska processen var karaktäristisk för häxprocesserna. I motsats till den ackusatoriska processen kunde domaren ta initiativ till rättsliga processer och låta makthavarnas ideoloThe witchcraft trials in Europe took place from the 15th to the 18th century. The purpose of this presentation is to clarify the model of the legal process against the witches and give an explanation of how the witch hunts started. The inquisitorial process was characteristic for the witchcraft trials. As opposed to the accusatory process, the judge could initiate the process and let the ideologie

Food production, especially meat production, has a large impact on the environment and wastage of these products has an even greater impact (WRAP 2007). A lot of food is thrown away due to "safety scares" and consumers insecurity of the safety and quality of the food. If the microbiological state of meat can be identified and constantly updated, throughout the whole supply chain, includi

Alternative 13-meter roads (2 +1 roads) has recently become a major part of the Swedish road network, in 2008 there were around 1280 km of 2 +1. Since these roads have major downsides for the vulnerable road users, it is important to review the design of the places where the vulnerable road users have to cross the road. The traffic is affecting both environment and humans at three levels, local, r

In Sweden there has been an increasing power shortage recently, especially in the region of Scania, which has resulted in escalating electricity prices and in turn a public will to fix the problem. The situation is a result of the existing electricity production being decommissioned or replaced by more variable alternatives together with the fact that electricity transmission from other parts of S

BACKGROUND: Spasticity is present in more than 80% of the population with cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of this study was to describe and compare the use of three spasticity reducing methods; Botulinum toxin-A therapy (BTX-A), Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) and Intrathecal baclofen therapy (ITB) among children and adolescents with CP in six northern European countries.METHODS: This registry-based

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been extensively used as surfactants because of their high stability and good water/oil-repellent properties. PFASs, especially perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), have long biological half-lives, and exposure may cause adverse health effects in humans. We assessed temporal trends of concentrations of eight PFAAs in serum of Swedish adolescents (age 16–21

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Accurate prediction of disease progression in individuals with pre-symptomatic type 1 diabetes has potential to prevent ketoacidosis and accelerate development of disease-modifying therapies. Current tools for predicting risk require multiple blood samples taken during an OGTT. Our aim was to develop and validate a simpler tool based on a single blood draw.METHODS: Models to predi

Nuclear technology and the use of radiation sources have been extensively adopted in the modern world. Despite that, a number of radiological accidents, significantly affecting population and the environment, has happened. Few of the most known are accidents in Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear power plants. As a result, significant areas are still contaminated with some residential areas evacuated.

BACKGROUND: There are few reports describing the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Somalia. Over the years 2002 to 2005, a yearly average of 140 patients were reported from the Huddur centre in Bakool region, whereas in 2006, this number rose to 1002 patients. Given the limited amount of information on VL and the opportunity to compare features with the studies done in 2000 in this pa

We report here the complete genome sequence and characterization of Yersinia bacteriophage vB_YenP_ϕ80-18. ϕ80-18 was isolated in 1991 using a Y. enterocolitica serotype O:8 strain 8081 as a host from a sewage sample in Turku, Finland, and based on its morphological and genomic features is classified as a podovirus. The genome is 42 kb in size and has 325 bp direct terminal repeats characteristic

BackgroundIn health care workers SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to be an occupational health risk, often associated with transmission between health care workers. Yet, insufficient information on transmission dynamics has been presented to elucidate the precise risk factors for contracting SARS-CoV-2 in this group.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we investigated association between questionnaire a

PURPOSE: Estimates of short- and long-term survival for young patients with classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) are of considerable interest. We investigated cHL prognosis in the era of contemporary treatment at different milestones during the follow-up. PATIENTS AND METHODS: On the basis of a Nordic cohort of 2,582 patients diagnosed at ages 18 to 49 years between 2000 and 2013, 5-year relapse risks a

Background:In early breast cancer, five histopathological biomarkers are part of current clinical routines and used for determining prognosis and treatment: estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2/HER2), Ki67, and Nottingham histological grade (NHG). We aimed to develop classifiers for these biomarkers based on tumor mRNA-sequencing (RNA