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One way of controlling global warming is to substitute fuel driven cars with electric cars. Electric vehicles need to be charged. For maximal efficiency the charging times should be as short as possible. In the US charging stations are classified as Level 1 charging 5–10 miles/h, Level 2 25 miles/h and Fast DCFC stations 150–1000 miles/h. We asked participants to select one of two upgrades of char

Introduction: Studies suggest that experiences of patient participation, as described by both patients and staff, are associated with a significant caring relationship of high quality. Aim: This study aimed to investigate staffs' and patients' self-reported perceptions on participation and the frequency and importance of verbal and social interactions in high-security forensic psychiatry. Method:

We have studied the development of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC)-metabolising enzyme activities in the neonatal rat intestine and its relation to the intestinal permeability of macromolecules. The permeability was determined by feeding young rats a mixture of bovine serum albumin, bovine immunoglobulin G and fluorescein-isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran 70,000, and a

Anthropogenic biodiversity decline threatens the functioning of ecosystems and the many benefits they provide to humanity 1. As well as causing species losses in directly affected locations, human influence might also reduce biodiversity in relatively unmodified vegetation if far-reaching anthropogenic effects trigger local extinctions and hinder recolonization. Here we show that local plant diver

Due to increasing plastic production, the continuous release of primary and secondary nanoplastic particles (NPs, <1 μm) has become an emerging contaminant in terrestrial environments. The fate and transport of NPs in subsurface environments remain poorly understood, largely due to the complex interplay of mineralogical, chemical, biological, and morphological heterogeneity. This study examines in

Character displacement theory predicts that closely-related co-occurring species should diverge in relevant traits to reduce costly interspecific interactions such as competition or hybridization. While many studies document character shifts in sympatry, few provide corresponding evidence that these shifts are driven by the costs of co-occurrence. Black-capped (Poecile atricapillus) and mountain c

ABSTRACT: Effects of sex hormones on stroke outcome are not fully understood. A deleterious consequence of cerebral ischemia is upregulation of vasoconstrictor receptors in cerebral arteries that exacerbate stroke injury. Here, we tested the hypothesis that female sex hormones alter vasocontractile responses after experimental stroke in vivo or after organ culture in vitro, a model of vasocontract

While both innate and adaptive immune system mechanisms have been implicated in resistance against the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), studies on the role of specific MHC haplotypes on Bd infection are rare. Here, we studied variation in MHC Class IIB loci in the common toad Bufo bufo along a latitudinal gradient across Sweden. In general, Swedish toad populations had few MHC C

Rotavirus (RV) infection induces strong adaptive immunity. While protection from reinfection requires humoral immunity, initial clearance of infection depends on cytotoxic CD8 T cells. Type I classical dendritic cells (cDC1) excel at CD8 T cell induction through cross-presentation and are essential for optimal cytotoxicity towards RV. Upon sensing of infection-induced innate immune signals through

Wetlands provide many benefits, such as water storage, flood control, transformation and retention of chemicals, and habitat for many species of plants and animals. The ongoing degradation of wetlands in the Great Lakes basin has been caused by a number of factors, including climate change, urbanization, and agriculture. Mapping and monitoring wetlands across such large spatial and temporal scales

The extremely small feature size and total sample volume of semiconductor nanowire materials has meant that advanced techniques have been required for even the most routine sample characterization since the structures were first reported. Electron microscopy has been the technique of choice for fast and reliable determination of nanowire morphology, structure, and composition since the earliest re

Multi-stimulus responsive poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate-co-2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) [P(MEO2MA-co-DEA)] 80:20 mol % copolymer brushes were synthesized on planar silica substrates via surface-initiated activators continuously regenerated via electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization. Brush thickness was sensitive to changes in pH and temperature as monitored with

The effect of molecular weight and temperature on the phase transition and internal structure of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brush modified colloidal silica particles was investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) between 15 and 45 °C. Dry particle analysis utilising transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT

The highly infectious disease COVID-19 caused by the Betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 poses a severe threat to humanity and demands the redirection of scientific efforts and criteria to organized research projects. The international COVID19-NMR consortium seeks to provide such new approaches by gathering scientific expertise worldwide. In particular, making available viral proteins and RNAs will pave th

Although dead fungal mycelium (necromass) represents a key component of biogeochemical cycling in all terrestrial ecosystems, how different ecological factors interact to control necromass decomposition rates remains poorly understood. This study assessed how edaphic parameters, plant traits, and soil microbial community structure predicted the mass loss rates of different fungal necromasses withi

We investigated the role of phosphorus (P) impurities on the fracture toughness and underlying failure mechanisms by means of classical atomistic modeling for a set of ⟨110⟩ symmetric tilt tungsten grain boundaries (GBs). This entailed the utilization of a quasi-static mode I displacement-controlled setup with cohesive zone volume elements (CZVEs) to study failure mechanisms and evaluate the fract

Essentially all plasma membrane proteins are glycosylated, and their activity is regulated by tuning their cell surface dynamics. This is achieved by glycan-binding proteins of the galectin family that either retain glycoproteins within lattices or drive their endocytic uptake via the clathrin-independent glycolipid-lectin (GL-Lect) mechanism. Here, we have used immunofluorescence-based assays to

The reactivity of six MnIV-oxo complexes in C-H bond oxidation has been examined using a combination of kinetic experiments and computational methods. Variable-temperature studies of the oxidation of 9,10-dihydroanthracene (DHA) and ethylbenzene by these MnIV-oxo complexes yielded activation parameters suitable for evaluating electronic structure computations. Complementary kinetic experiments of

Time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) estimation from GCC-PHAT is not always as straight forward as finding the maximum peak. This work views the GCC output as an image, with time on the vertical axis and TDOA horizontally, to explore if image-to-image machine learning methods can make a more robust filter. The Structure from Sound Database provides audio recorded with a distributed microphone setup a

Background/aims It is unclear whether a reduction in tear secretion contributes to the discomfort experienced by those with prosthetic eyes. Tear secretion has hitherto only been measured with the Schirmer test which may be affected by the pooling of tears behind the prosthesis. In this study, direct imaging of the lacrimal gland has been performed to measure tear secretion in anophthalmic sockets