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BACKGROUND: In experimental animal studies, exposure to general anesthesia in early childhood may results in changes in infant brain morphology and behavior, potentially leading to the development of autistic behaviors in the long-term. However, in clinical studies the role of exposure to general anesthesia in early childhood and the risk of autism is unknown. METHODS: This is a population-based c

Soil microbial growth and activity are generally assumed to recover rapidly after dissipation of organic toxicants. We studied the effects of four readily degradable isothiazolinone biocides (benzisothiazolinone, BIT; methylisothiazolinone, MIT; octylisothiazolinone, OIT; 4,5-dichloro-2-octyl-isothiazolinone, DCOIT) on bacterial growth, fungal growth, basal respiration, and substrate-induced respi

Background: Failed management of unanticipated difficult airway situations contributes to significant anesthesia-related morbidity and mortality. Optimization of design and layout of difficult airway trolleys (DATs) may influence outcomes during airway emergencies. The main objective of the current study was to evaluate whether a difficult airway algorithm-based DAT with integrated cognitive aids

Aims: To clarify the frequency and severity of diabetic retinopathy in a group of people with Type 2 diabetes and chronic diabetic foot ulcers, and to compare visual acuity, levels of retinopathy and clinical significant macular oedema with a matched control group of people with Type 2 diabetes without a history of chronic diabetic foot ulcers. Methods: Visual acuity and fundus imaging were evalua

Background: We evaluated the role of cortical amyloid deposition as a factor contributing to memory dysfunction and increased risk of dementia associated with late-life depression (LLD). Methods: A total of 119 older adult participants with a current diagnosis of major depression (LLD) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Depression Project study and 119 nondepressed (ND) co

Precipitation in arid mountainous areas is characterized by low rainfall intensity and large spatial heterogeneity, which challenges satellite-based monitoring by the spaceborne sensors. This study aims to comparatively evaluate the detection ability of spatiotemporal patterns and extremes of rainfall by a range of mainstream satellite precipitation products [TMPA, Climate Hazards Group Infrared P

Background & Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been associated with multiple metabolic abnormalities. By applying a non-targeted metabolomics approach, we aimed at investigating whether serum metabolite profile that associates with NAFLD would differ in its association with NAFLD-related metabolic risk factors. Methods & Results: A total of 233 subjects (mean ± SD: 48.3 ±

OBJECTIVE: Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) refers to states of excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The eukaryotic cell cycle is driven forward by cyclins and their cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) partners. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs), which generally inhibit cell cycle progression, modulate the activity of cyclin-CDK complexes.DESIGN: In order to quantify the expression of the

This paper presents experimental studies of the structures and burning velocities of premixed ammonia/air jet flames at high Karlovitz (Ka) number conditions. Simultaneous planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging of imidogen (NH) and hydroxyl (OH) radicals was performed to investigate the local flame structure and Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) measurements were employed for extracting com

MADS‐box transcription factors are crucial regulators of inflorescence and flower development in plants. Therefore, the recent interest in this family has received much attention in plant breeding programs due to their impact on plant development and inflorescence architecture. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of HvMADS‐box genes in lateral spikelet development in barley (Hordeum

The boreal biome plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, current estimates of its sink-source strength and responses to changes in climate are primarily derived from models and thus remain uncertain. A major challenge is the validation of these models at a regional scale since empirical flux estimates are typically confined to ecosystem or continental scales. The Integrated Ca

The risk of pancreatic cancer (PC) is increased in melanoma-prone families but the causal relationship between germline CDKN2A mutations and PC risk is uncertain, suggesting the existence of non-CDKN2A factors. One genetic possibility involves patients having mutations in multiple high-risk PC-related genes; however, no systematic examination has yet been conducted. We used next-generation sequenc

Background: The effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) on invasive pneumococcal disease is frequently reported, but the impact on upper respiratory tract infections in a clinical setting is less documented. Our aim in this 5-year observational study was to investigate serotype changes in a large number of Streptococcus pneumoniae upper respiratory tract isolates following sequential intro

Background: From middle childhood onwards, substantial evidence points to phenotypic differentiation between anxiety diagnostic categories such as generalised anxiety, separation anxiety, specific phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. However, little is known about the genetics of these categories and especially about the phenotypic and genetic structure of related behaviours in pre-school c

Objectives To assess how suitable current chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cost-effectiveness models are to evaluate personalized treatment options for COPD by exploring the type of heterogeneity included in current models and by validating outcomes for subgroups of patients. Methods A consortium of COPD modeling groups completed three tasks. First, they reported all patient characteri

The avian genus Calandrella (larks) was recently suggested to be non-monophyletic, and was divided into two genera, of which Calandrella sensu stricto comprises 4–5 species in Eurasia and Africa. We analysed mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) and nuclear Restriction-site Associated DNA (RAD) sequences from all species, and for cytb we studied 21 of the 22 recognised subspecies, with the aim to clar

Introduction: Most previous joint imaging scales for haemophilia have focused on earlier disease stages observed in younger patients. Aim: We sought to demonstrate that the 45-item extended magnetic resonance imaging (eMRI) scale is a valid instrument for measuring joint status in adults with severe haemophilia A. Methods: Six scale categories (effusion/haemarthrosis, synovial hypertrophy, hemosid

Introduction: Few large studies have examined the heritability of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Moreover, twin studies have been suggested to overestimate heritability. The aim of the present study was to determine the heritability nationwide in the general Swedish population using full siblings and half-siblings. Methods: VTE was defined using the Swedish patient register. Full sibling (FS) and h

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPI), such as ipilimumab [anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibody] and nivolumab or pembrolizumab [anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibodies], improve survival in several cancer types. Since inhibition of CTLA-4 or PD-1 leads to non-selective activation of the immune system, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are frequent. Enterocoliti

Increasing evidence supports the benefit of identifying BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations in early breast cancer. Selection of patients for genetic testing is based on defined criteria taking individual and family history related factors into account. It is important to make a distinction between efficacy and effectiveness of BRCA testing criteria. Efficacy can be defined as the performance under