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Background: Research in the last decades has clearly pointed to the important role of language and communicative level when trying to understand developmental trajectories in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Aims: The purpose of this longitudinal study was to investigate whether (1) core language skills, measured as expressive vocabulary and grammar, and/or (2) pre-linguistic social-

Human disturbance can be a severe problem for some animal species. Behavioural ecology theory predicts that sensitivity to mortality risks, and thereby to disturbance, will be related to life-history characteristics. Long-lived species with low reproductive rates are expected to have a high cost of predation and therefore avoid risks strongly. In this paper we quantify the effect of roads on the A

Objective: To evaluate the internal consistency of the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical Function Short-form (HOOS-PS) and the Knee injury and Ostecarthritis Outcome Score-Physical Function Short-form (KOOS-PS) in total hip replacement (THR) and total knee (TKR) replacement. Construct validity and responsiveness were compared to the Western Ontario McMaster Universities' Ost

Background: Identifying individuals at high risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) is important for future therapeutic strategies, and there is a clinical need for diagnostic biomarkers to identify incipient AD. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate if the AD-associated A beta peptide pattern recently found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) could discriminate between patients

We used satellite-tracking data from repeated journeys between Europe and West Africa by the same osprey, Pandion haliaetus, individuals to test whether the timing of migration differs between spring and autumn and whether landmarks and stopover goal areas are important for navigation. The timing of migration varied more in autumn than in spring, owing to significant differences between individual

Relapsing polychondritis ( RP) is an autoimmune disease that affects extra-articular cartilage. Matrilin-1-induced relapsing polychondritis (MIRP) is a model for RP and is useful for studies of the pathogenic mechanisms in this disease. There are indications that the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II plays a major role in RP, since DR4(+) patients are more commonly affected than cont

Background. Respiratory tract infections (RTI) in children is the most common cause of prescription of antibiotics. It is important to describe and analyse non-medical factors in order to develop more rational use of antibiotics. Objectives. To compare families with high and low concern about infectious illness with regard to social variables, perception of infection proneness and beliefs in antib

After their local extinction in 1954, White Storks (Ciconia ciconia) were reintroduced to Sweden in 1989. The founder Population for the reintroduced birds originated in North Africa, rather than from the closest breeding population in northeastern Europe (defined here as native). A number of wild storks have immigrated spontaneously, and a few others of native origin have been acquired for captiv

OBJECTIVE: To investigate differences in snuff consumption, socio-demographic and psychosocial characteristics between baseline daily smokers who had remained daily smokers, become intermittent smokers or stopped smoking at the 1-year follow-up. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS: A population of 12 507 individuals aged 45-69 years, interviewed at baseline in 1992-94 and at a 1-year fo

BRCA1 mutation carriers have up to 80% life-time risk of developing breast cancer and 20-40% risk of developing ovarian cancer. High LH levels have been linked to increased risks of both breast and ovarian cancers in some studies and it is unknown whether gonadotropin levels are associated with BRCA1 mutation status. The aim of the study was to explore whether gonadotropin levels were associated w

The objective was to investigate definitions of frailty used in studies of multi-component health promotion and disease-preventive (HPDP) intervention programmes for community-dwelling frail elderly persons and to review the content, organisation and effects of HPDP interventions. A systematic review of 19 articles was made, and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Healt

Background. Describing the illness-story from a patient perspective could increase understanding of living with a chronic disease for health professionals and others, facilitate decision-making about treatment and enhance information about the outcome from a patient perspective. Aim. To illuminate patients' illness experiences of having a gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), going through sur

This study systematically analyzes platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor expression in six types of common tumors as well as examines associations between PDGF beta-receptor status and clinicopathological characteristics in breast cancer. PDGF receptor expression was determined by immunohistochemistry on tumor tissue microarrays. Breast tumor data were combined with prognostic factors and

The aim of this study was to investigate ethnic differences in different aspects of social participation in Malmö, Sweden. The public health survey in Malmö 1994 is a cross-sectional study. A total of 5600 randomly chosen individuals aged 20–80 years were asked to complete a postal questionnaire. The participation rate was 71%. The population was divided into categories born in Sweden, Denmark/Nor

Popular Abstract in Swedish Diabetesfoten - Samhällsekonomiska kostnader, hälsoekonomiska aspekter, prevention och livskvalitet Orsak och förekomst. Fotsår är en relativt vanlig komplikation hos personer med diabetes. Ungefär 15% av alla vuxna diabetiker drabbas någon gång av fotsår. Orsakerna till att sår uppstår beror på en ökad risk för nervskador och kärlproblem hos diabetiker. Nervskadorna yThe overall aims were to investigate the economic consequences of foot complications in diabetic patients, to measure the influence of diabetic foot complications on health-related quality of life (HRQL), and to analyse the cost-effectiveness of interventions to prevent foot ulcers and lower extremity amputations (LEA). The economic consequences of foot ulcers and LEA are large both in a short an

Popular Abstract in Swedish Migration (folkvandring) är idag en global företeelse. Orsaken till migrationen varierar och kan bero på krig och förföljelse, naturkatastrofer, familjeskäl, fattigdom, studier eller sökande efter arbete. I slutet av förra seklet var Sverige en nation där fattigdom och religiöst förtryck drev drygt en miljon människor över haven till Nordamerika och andra världsdelar. IAbstract Aims: To analyse the influence of migration status (country of birth/ethnicity), accultura-tion, socio-economic and psychosocial factors on self-reported psychiatric illness, suicide attempt, total mortality and violent death. Methods: Three main data sources were used: suicide attempts in the catchment area of Lund University Hospital (PASIS) during 1991–94; the Swedish Survey of Living

The incidence of lymphoedema of the arm after mastectomy ranges between 8% and 38%, and it is an appreciable problem from both functional and social aspects. Conservative and previous surgical regimens have not been completely successful. In the light of these experiences, liposuction clearly constitutes an interesting new surgical approach, which is potentially capable of effecting predictable an

Popular Abstract in Swedish Många av dagens biotekniska processer syftar till att framställa protein. Det är proteinets användningsområde som är avgörande för vilka renhetskrav som ställs på produkten. I vissa fall måste proteinet vara helt fritt från föroreningar för att inte åstadkomma oönskade effekter. Vaccinframställning är ett exempel på en sådan tillämpning. För andra ändamål, t ex vid framTwo polymers, alginate and Eudragit S-100 were used as reversibly soluble-insoluble ligand carriers for the selective isolation of enzymes and lectins respectively. These two polymers have the inherent property of being precipitated under well defined conditions. Alginate was made insoluble by the addition of Ca2+ ions, and Eudragit S-100 by a pH shift. The polymers were modified with affinity lig

Steady state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy have been used to investigated the energy transfer in photosynthetic purple bacteria. Picosecond light pulses were used in measurements of Rb. sphaeroides WT and a LH1-deleted mutant, demonstrating that the energy trapping into the reaction center in both species occur on the same time-scale, and that the excitation energy is

Popular Abstract in Chinese 在世界許多地方蛾類幼蟲是主要的農業害蟲，但也有蛾類養殖業為獲取其絲綢蠶繭，例如家蠶。其實它也是第一個也是最好的研究揮發性有機分子用於傳遞信息的昆蟲研究模型。一般來說是雌蛾釋放信息素通過很長的距離來吸引雄性同類，而且具有出色的靈敏度和特異性。至今有記載的蛾類信息素都屬於同一類化合物(脂肪酸衍生物), 在信息素腺體內合成。信息素的生物合成涉及到脂肪酸的脫飽合，碳鏈縮短，並最終還原，乙酰化或氧化成醛等。這些反應過程中的酶已經進化到具有專一性，專門用於生產複雜的化學信號，使得蛾類的信息素存在豐富的化學多樣性。在本論文中，首先對幾個脫飽和酶進行研究。第一篇文章對冬尺蠖的脫飽合酶進行克隆並在酵母中通過異源表達證明了它具有把順十一,順十四,順十七-二十碳三烯酸轉化成順十一,順十四,順十七,十九-二十碳四烯酸的能力。這是有史以來第一個對甲基端脫飽合酶Moth caterpillars are major agricultural pests in many parts of the world. In general female moths attract male mates with their pheromone over long distance. Most of the described moth pheromones belong to the same class of chemical compounds, fatty acid derivatives that are produced de novo in the pheromone gland. The pheromone biosynthesis involves desaturation, chain-shortening by β-oxidation