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In vitro, expanded neurospheres exhibit multipotent properties and can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In vivo, cells from neurospheres derived from mouse fetal forebrain have previously been reported to predominantly differentiate into glial cells, and not into neurons. Here we isolated stem/progenitor cells from E13.5 lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE), medial ganglio

In regions where studded tyres and traction material are used during winter, e.g. the Nordic countries, northern part of USA, Canada, and Japan, mechanically generated particles from traffic are the main reason for high particle mass concentrations in busy street and road environments. In many Nordic municipalities the European environmental quality standard for inhalable particles (PM(10)) is exc

This study aims to demonstrate the potential of a process-based regional ecosystem model, LPJ-GUESS, driven by climate scenarios generated by a regional climate model system (RCM) to generate predictions useful for assessing effects of climatic and CO2 change on the key ecosystem services of carbon uptake and storage. Scenarios compatible with the A2 and B2 greenhouse gas emission scenarios of the

Endotoxin exposure is associated with wheeze and asthma morbidity, while early life exposure may reduce risk of allergy and asthma. Unfortunately, it is difficult to compare endotoxin results from different laboratories and environments. We undertook this study to determine if lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) extraction efficiency could account for differences among laboratories. We generated and collect

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate whether preoperative infiltration with ropivacaine in conjunction with breast surgery improves postoperative pain management and attenuates postoperative nausea and vomiting. Method: Prospective, randomised, double-blind study, including 60 healthy women (ASA 1–2) allocated to one of two groups. Thirty patients were given 0.3 ml/kg saline in the o

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of oral desmopressin in the treatment of nocturia in men. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Men aged >/=18 years with verified nocturia (>or=two voids/night) and nocturnal urine production greater than their maximum functional bladder capacity were recruited. A 3-week dose-titration phase established the optimum desmopressin dose (0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 mg). After a

In patients with radiculopathy due to degenerative disease in the cervical spine, surgical outcome is still presenting with moderate results. The preoperative investigations consist of clinical investigation, careful history and most often magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine. When MRI shows multilevel degeneration, different strategies are used for indicating which nerve root/ro

Two alkaline protease producing alkaliphilic bacterial strains, designated as AL-20 and AL-89, were isolated from a naturally occurring alkaline habitat. The two strains were identified as Nesternkonia sp. and Bacillus pseudofirmus, respectively. Both strains grew and produced alkaline protease using feather as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Addition of 0.5% glucose to the feather medium

OBJECTIVE: To compare effectiveness, complications, and cost of Amplatzer with surgical atrial septal defect (ASD) closure. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Tertiary cardiac referral centre. PATIENTS: 43 consecutive patients (excluding non-UK residents) aged between 2.1 and 56.8 years (median 7) undergoing ASD closure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Procedural success, complications, regression of righ

Modern immunosuppressive regimens reduce the acute rejection rate by combining a cornerstone immunosuppressant like tacrolimus or cyclosporine with adjunctive agents like corticosteroids, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or azathioprine, often associated with untoward side effects. A 6-month randomized study was conducted in 47 European centers. Triple therapy with tacrolimus (trough levels 5-15 ng/mL)

A graphic method was developed for presentation of the location and extent of the myocardium at risk in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This method is based on a mathematical processing of ST-segment deviations of standard 12-lead electrocardiogram following the concept of Titomir and Ruttkay-Nedecky in their dipolar electrocardiotopographic method. The center of the location of t

The toxicity induced by several environmental pollutants is mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which controls the expression of many biotransformation genes, such as cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1). Previous studies have indicated that fish populations can evolve tolerance to persistent chlorinated pollutants by down-regulating the AHR pathway. Here, we measure to what extent tissue load

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay using primers against the hepatitis C core gene has been described [Okamoto et al. (1992a): Journal of General Virology 73:673-679]. Within the two major HCV genotypes 1 and 2, the Okamoto system identifies two subtypes each (1a, 1b and 2a, 2b, respectively). Typing is achieved by a primary PCR with consensus primers followed by a nested PCR with type

This study investigates whether intravitreal administration of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) enhances survival of NeuN positive retinal cells in a porcine model of retinal ischemia. 16 pigs were subjected to an ischemic insult where intraocular pressure was maintained at 5 mmHg below mean arterial blood pressure for 2 h. The mean IOP during the ischemic insult was 79.5 mmHg (s

The amounts of sixty elements in developing, maturing, senescent and wilting leaves, and in the wintering dead leaves attached to the branches, are reported for a beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest on mor Podzol in south Sweden, a site with no local sources of pollution or geological anomalies. The amounts (contents per leaf) of K (potassium), Rb (rubidium), Cs (caesium), Cu (copper) and P (phosphorus

Occasionally anaesthesiologists find themselves in situations where ventilation during intubation with a fibreoptic bronchoscope (FOB) is desirable. In order to ventilate the patient during the FOB intubation, we used a 90 degree angle swivel connector, normally used for fibreoptic bronchoscopia in an intubated patient. After a nasotracheal tube is placed with the tip in the oropharynx, ventilatio

Cadmium is a widespread environmental pollutant, which is associated with increased risk of osteoporosis. It has been proposed that cadmium's toxic effect on bone is exerted via impaired activation of vitamin D, secondary to the kidney effects. To test this, we assessed the association of cadmium-induced bone and kidney effects with serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D); measured by enzyme

Pulmonary hypertension is frequently seen after lung transplantation. To study how the release of the endothelium-dependent relaxing factor is affected by lung preservation and transplantation, porcine pulmonary arteries were investigated in organ baths. The arteries (1 mm in diameter) were taken from fresh nonperfused lungs (group I), lungs immediately after flush-perfusion with a low-potassium-d

Low-molecular weight aliphatic acids, furaldehydes and a broad range of different aromatic compounds are known to inhibit the fermentation of lignocellulose hydrolysates by yeasts. In this work, a cocktail of different lignocellulose-derived inhibitors was used to compare the inhibitor resistance of eleven different industrial and laboratory Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and two Zygosaccharomyc

Objective. Although anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies are important in lupus nephritis, the question regarding which glomerular structures (a-actinin, nucleosomes, or others) are recognized by nephritogenic anti-dsDNA antibodies is still controversial. In this study, we determined which glomerular structures are recognized by monoclonal and in vivo-bound nephritogenic antibodies. Me