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A short introduction to optimal control problems is presented. For these problems the calculation of sensitivity matrices with the method of adjoint equation is shown. The adjoint equations are derived with the corresponding initial values. At the end two examples are calculated.
Like many other lakes, Lake Ringsjön in Sweden has a long history of eutrophication problems. Eutrophication of lakes is mainly due to surplus of phosphorus. Most phosphorus reaches Lake Ringsjön from adjacent watercourses. In order to initiate action plans to reduce phosphorus concentrations in the lake, it is of great importance to know which watercourses have high phosphorus concentrations. Pho
Sammanfattning En arbetsgivare är enligt lag förbjuden att diskriminera en arbetstagare, praktikant eller arbetssökande med en funktionsnedsättning. Det föreligger en skyldighet för arbetsgivaren att vidta de stöd- och anpassningsåtgärder som anses nödvändiga och rimliga för att de individer med funktionsnedsättning ska hamna i en jämförbar situation med individer utan funktionsnedsättning. Med b
Religionsfrihet i arbetslivet är ett aktuellt ämne som ständigt utvecklas och möter nya utmaningar. En dagsaktuell del av religionsfriheten är möjligheten till samvetsfrihet för barnmorskor, vilket innebär att en barnmorska kan vägra utföra aborter med hänvisning till sin religion. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka möjligheten till samvetsfrihet i Sverige. För att undersöka detta har jag aFreedom of religion at the workplace is a current topic that is constantly evolving and facing new challenges. An up-to-date part of the freedom of religion is the possibility of freedom of conscience for midwives, meaning that a midwife can refuse to perform abortions, according to their religion. The purpose of this essay is to examine the possibilities of freedom of conscience in Sweden. To exa
Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om en signifikant skillnad i riskaversion råder mellan de två populationerna, där den ena arbetar för en fast lön och den andra för en provisionsbaserad lön. Även de oberoende variablerna som antas ligga till grund för en individs riskaversion kommer att undersökas. Metod: En tvärsnittsstudie genomfördes av två populationer med hjälp av en internetbasePurpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether there is a significant difference in risk aversion between the two populations, where one is working for a fixed salary, and the other for a commission-based salary. Independent variables that may represent the individual's risk aversion will also be examined. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of two populations was carried out
Much of the equipment used in Snoezelen environments today is not interactive, and the equipment that is interactive can be hard for the user to access. By having interactive equipment in Snoezelen environments the user gets to experience and hopefully better understand the concept of cause and effect. The purpose of this master thesis has been to develop an interactive interface that can appeal
Sony Mobile has a quite large internal user group with the purpose of investigating the usability of their mobile devices. The Telephony Domain was using among other techniques usability testing to evaluate the usability of their products. The performed conventional usability testing has its limitations e.g. the controlled test environment cannot fully represent real life setting and it’s very exp
A common approach to treat respiratory diseases is with adhesive powder mixtures. These are dispersed into an aerosol upon inhalation. It has been found that the performance of such mixtures can be improved by adding fine particle lactose, but exactly why is yet to be established. Several theories have been proposed by previous studies, but the fundamental mechanism is still unknown. This study w
A grant back obligation refers to the obligation for a licensee to assign or license future developed improvements to a licensor. Grant back clauses affect on competition has been a controversial subject in economic and legal doctrine. The study answers if the changed approach in the European Union towards the separation of severable and nonseverable improvements in relation to grant back clauses
Since the 1980’s, political debate in Sweden has questioned whether the nation’s welfare state has moved from a universal welfare model toward a selective welfare model. In connection with the debate, a third sector, the social economy sector, has evolved. The social economy demonstrates new ways to deliver welfare services with the primary goal of generating social benefit and public welfare inst
Det huvudsakliga syftet med aktuell studie var att undersöka vilka enskilda faktorer som bidragit mest till upplevd ilska under pågående vårdtid för LVM-klienter på två LVM-institutioner. Samband mellan ilska och aggression samt könsskillnader i fråga om upplevd ilska och självskattade aggressiva karaktärsdrag har även undersökts. Sextio LVM-klienter med jämn könsfördelning undersöktes med ett hel
The HIE-ISOLDE post accelerator at CERN has recently come online, en- abling the use of radioactive ion beams with energies of up to 10 MeV/u. An active target gaseous detector is under development for use in some of the experiments. The first investigation of the electron amplification stage with gas electron multipliers has been performed. To this end, a small prototype GEM detector was built an
The purpose of this study is to examine whether an acquiring firm that operates as a contractor within the defence sector can expect to generate shareholder value from a merger and acquisition with a fellow defence sector competitor. Having selected thirty acquiring defence firms an event study utilizing the market model is performed to obtain the abnormal returns generated from a merger and acqui
This thesis discusses the phenomenon price manipulation, and its legislation. The definition of price manipulation is artificially deflating or inflating the price of a certain financial security. There are a number of ways to manipulate prices, and the consequences are usually tangible. Legislation in this area is relevant in several aspects. The essay highlights the key legal perspective; mainta
A poor air quality creates problems in growing and industrialized cities. It is known that there is a significant correlation between rising air pollutions and rising numbers of people getting sick of and killed by respiratory diseases. In this study, I investigate how it is possible to use green infrastructure to increase urban ecosystem services that reduce the level of air pollution within the
This study examines the work with the environmental goals in five small municipalities in northwestern Skåne, Sweden. The environmental goals are set nationally and are adjusted at a regional level. The municipalities then adjust the national and regional goals in varied extent to meet the local circumstances. The implementation and success of the work with environmental goals at local level is cr
Fenomenet med e-handel växer men i Sverige är det fortfarande relativt få som väljer att handla livsmedel på nätet. Däremot ökar intresset och konkurrensen hårdnar. De stora svenska livsmedelsföretagen måste därför agera. Ett stort problem har varit att hitta lönsamma affärsmodeller för att flytta den traditionella handeln och hela butikens sortiment ut på nätet i ett så kallat e-grocery koncept.
Abstract Engrailed1 (En1) is a developmental gene in the homeobox family, and it is well established as a key factor for programming and maintenance of dopaminergic neurons of the mesencephalon. Heterozygousity for the gene causes progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta and decreased striatal dopamine levels in most studied mouse strains, including Swiss
