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The persistence of a low productive peasant sector in sub-Saharan Africa is one of the enigmas of development research. This study approaches the question from a historical perspective by analysing the paths of agrarian change in two contrasting cases in Malawi from the mid-1930s to the late 1970s. The cases - Thyolo and Mzimba districts - with their overt differences in terms of population densit
Genetic and non-genetic factors probably act together to initiate and accelerate development of type 1 diabetes [T1D]. One suggested risk factor contributing to development of T1D is air pollution.
Background: Ensiling is a common method of preserving energy crops for anaerobic digestion, and many scientific studies report that ensiling increases the methane yield. In this study, the ensiling process and the methane yields before and after ensiling were studied for four crop materials. Results: The changes in wet weight and total solids (TS) during ensiling were small and the loss of energy
A simulation scheme based on nonequilibrium Green's functions for biased periodic semiconductor heterostructure devices is presented in detail. The implementation can determine current and optical gain both for small and large optical fields. Specific results for superlattices, quantum cascade lasers, and quantum cascade detectors are shown which demonstrate the capabilities of the approach.
The authors investigate to what extent an evaluation of legal evidence in terms of coherence (suggested by Thagard, Amaya, Van Koppen and others) is reconcilable with a probabilistic (Bayesian) approach to legal evidence. The article is written by one author (Dahlman) with a background in the bayesian approach to legal evidence, and one author (Mackor) with a background in scenario theory. The aut
The synthesis of two conformationally restricted Cr(III) salen complexes, 2 and 3, is described. Together, they constitute a supramolecular hydrogen-bonding catalytic system for the recently reported asymmetric ring-opening reactions of epoxides by a dynamic supramolecular catalyst. The synthesis involves state-of-the art transformations in frontline synthetic chemistry applied to heterocyclic che
Various less-toxic substitutes for the Pb2+-based perovskites have been proposed, of which Sn2+-based metal halide perovskites (namely, Sn-PVSKs) hold the best prospects because of their optoelectronic properties comparable to those of the Pb analogues. Nevertheless, the intrinsic instability and unfavorable crystallization of Sn-PVSKs place restrictions on both the device performance/durability a
The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between adult attachment, denoted as mental representations of childhood experiences, and social relations. A secondary purpose was to examine the impact of prematurity on attachment and social relations in adult age. The study is part of a larger longitudinal study carried out by professor Karin Stjernqvist and Anne-Li Hallin, candida
In the Swedish context Swedish language skills are considered to be a crucial factor for an individual's ability to establish him/herself in society as well as on the labour market. Despite this, the Swedish organisation Swedish for Immigrants (SFI) has been exposed to extensive critique: Not enough students manage to establish themselves on the labour market, but get trapped in SFI. The purpo
Context: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) affects people of all ages and is associated with poor prognosis. Chronic breathlessness affects almost all people with PAH. Objectives: This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study aimed to evaluate the effects of regular, low-dose, extended-release (ER) morphine for PAH-associated chronic breathlessness. Methods: Participants w
Second primary cancers (SPCs) account for an increasing proportion of all cancer diagnoses. It is unlikely that prior therapy is solely responsible for SPC risk. To investigate risk of SPC after diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and 10 of its subtypes we conducted a novel bidirectional analysis, SPCs after NHL and NHL as SPC. Using the Swedish Family-Cancer Database, we identified 19,833 ind
A compact combined sewer overflow (CSO) treatment unit is set up and evaluated in pilot-scale. The pilotplant consisted of flocculation, coagulation and a microsieving system followed by a disinfection unit with either O3 or ClO2. Efficiency of the pilot-plant was evaluated with respect to reduction of Escherichia coli, coliform bacteria and intestinal enterococci as well as removal of biocides. R
The clustering of different types of B-cell malignancies in families raises the possibility of shared aetiology. To examine this, we performed cross-trait linkage disequilibrium (LD)-score regression of multiple myeloma (MM) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) genome-wide association study (GWAS) data sets, totalling 11,734 cases and 29,468 controls. A significant genetic correlation between t
Quantum information and quantum computing are based on the concept and manipulation of qubits. In this pedagogical Tutorial-written with the aim of assisting self-motivated undergraduate mathematics, physics, and engineering students-transformation of these qubits, especially the Hadamard transformation (H) and the phase shifter transformation (φ), is illustrated. Two-qubit gates and their applica
