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A new and freely available model-based PID design tool for Matlab is introduced. It can be used to solve Maximal Integral Gain Optimization (MIGO) and (load) Integral Absolute Error (IAE) problems. Robustness is ensured through H-inf constraints on the closed-loop transfer functions. A Youla parameter (Q design) method for comparison with the optimal linear time-invariant (LTI) controller for the
We show, through a combination of density function theory-based molecular dynamics simulations (DFT-MD) and experimental X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) studies, that the iodate ion (IO 3 -) contains a local region that is strongly hydrated as a cation. The local region adjoining the I atom is sufficiently electropositive that thr
Observationally, the galactic chemical evolution of sulphur shows a complex pattern. Some studies find no correlation between [S/Fe] and [Fe/H] at halo metallcities, which is typical for alpha -elements, others find [S/Fe] increasing towards lower metallicities, and still others find a combination of the two. Each scenario has different implications for the Galactic chemical evolution of sulphur.
Analytical sociology is a methodological strategy aimed at refining theoretically informed empirical social research. Given the central assumption that the role of sociology is to explain macro level phenomena, analytical sociology makes pragmatic use of abstract models of social action and interaction, such as the DBO-model. The realization that it is not a philosophy or a psychology, nor a unive
The identification of a permanent establishment is the principle used by the Member States of the European Union to determine whether a company is subject to the tax jurisdiction of a State. In the digital context, the notion of permanent establishment is often questioned by States, as companies can provide services remotely without having any physical presence in the territory of a State. This th
Apelin, a recently discovered peptide with wide tissue distribution, regulates feeding behavior, improves glucose utilization, and inhibits insulin secretion. We examined whether apelin is expressed in human islets, as well as in normal and type 2 diabetic (T2D) animal islets. Further, we studied islet apelin regulation and the effect of apelin on insulin secretion. Apelin expression and regulatio
Term synonymous variation is widely used, but frequently in a wrong or misleading meaning and context. Twenty three point eight % of possible nucleotide substitution types in the universal genetic code are for synonymous amino acid changes, but when these variants have a phenotype and functional effect, they are very seldom synonymous. Such variants may manifest changes at DNA, RNA and/or protein
While the major drivers of melanoma initiation, including activation of NRAS/BRAF and loss of PTEN or CDKN2A, have been identified, the role of key transcription factors that impose altered transcriptional states in response to deregulated signaling is not well understood. The POU domain transcription factor BRN2 is a key regulator of melanoma invasion, yet its role in melanoma initiation remains
