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The taxation of the digital economy has become a relevant subject, as business models and value creation chains of all sectors have been transformed bringing challenges to the international tax system and parameters for the allocation of taxing rights between source and residence jurisdictions. In view of these changes, the European Commission has published two proposals for directives on the taxa
Current consumption patterns are not sustainable and are compromising the Earth’s carrying capacity and the future of next generations. Increasing sustainable consumption behaviours and practices are needed in order to decrease nowadays negative consumption impacts on the environment and achieve sustainable development. However, sustainable consumption practices are generally not performed as they
Background & Objective: Patients with mild hypothyroidism often are depressed and have impaired quality of life despite serum free-T4 and T3 within reference values. Therefore, we investigated whether their symptoms were dependent on the concentrations of free -T4 and T3 in the circulation and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Methods: Twenty-five newly diagnosed, untreated hypothyroid subjects and a
Smallholder-based, sustainable, agricultural intensification is increasingly put forth as a development pathway that is necessary to improve farmer's livelihoods, enhance productivity and engender a surplus that can be used to feed growing urban areas across sub-Saharan Africa. The following article examines trends in yields for Africa's largest staple crop – maize – among smallholder farmers in s
BACKGROUND: There is a lack of understanding of the processes that regulate differentiation in the prostate. OBJECTIVE: To determine localisation, activity, and regulation of cytodifferentiation-modulatory proteins in the human adult prostate. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS: Eighteen volunteering patients with organ-confined prostate cancer were prospectively enrolled at a single university ho
Aim: To develop a logistic regression model for discrimination between benign and malignant unilocular solid cysts with papillary projections but no other solid components, and to compare its diagnostic performance with that of subjective evaluation of ultrasound findings (subjective assessment), CA 125 and the risk of malignancy index (RMI). Methods: Among the 3511 adnexal masses in the Interna
The epitome of this article is the reflection upon the question of “How long is now?” This question is interpreted within the context of the Iraq war, 2003 and onwards, as the enduring now specified. Drawing on parallels from the European World War II experience and the use of “Auschwitz” as a metaphor for a specifically Christian guilt articulated in relation to the Pauline eschatological hope of
OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of season of diagnosis on the outcome of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). In this study, we included curatively treated DLBCL (n=5875) and HL (n=1693) patients, diagnosed between 2000 and 2011, based on data from the Swedish Lymphoma Register. RESULTS: Overall survival was sig
Background It is known that narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) radiation and oral vitamin D-3 supplementation can both improve serum levels of vitamin D, expressed as 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 [25(OH)D-3]. However, surprisingly few studies have compared the effects of the two interventions in treating vitamin D deficiency. Objectives To compare the effect of NB-UVB exposure with oral vitamin D-3 supple
Transcription factors encoded by different members of the MADS-box gene family have evolved central roles in the regulation of reproductive organ development in the flowering plants, the angiosperms. Development of the stamens and carpels, the pollen- and seed-bearing organs, involves the B- and C-organ-identity MADS-box genes. B- and C-type gene orthologs with activities specifically in developin
This paper studies contextual effects on fertility at the onset of fertility decline in Sweden. We argue that the community exerts an influence on fertility when individuals belonging to a certain community are more similar to one another (within-area) in their reproductive behaviour than individuals living in another community (between-area). Our hypotheses are that community had a strong influen
Purpose The aim of this study was to find clinically relevant MIBG-avid metastatic patterns in patients with newly diagnosed stage 4 neuroblastoma. Methods Diagnostic I-123-MIBG scans from 249 patients (123 from a European and 126 from the COG cohort) were assessed for metastatic spread in 14 body segments and the form of the lesions: "focal" (clear margins distinguishable from adjacent background
PURPOSE: Although numerous biology-driven subtypes have been described previously in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), unsupervised molecular subtyping based on gene expression has been less studied, especially using large cohorts. Thus, we sought to identify the intrinsic molecular subtypes of mCRPC and assess molecular and clinical correlates in the largest combined cohort
De strukturella förändringar som karaktäriserar vår tids arbetsmarknad har tydliggjorts ytterligare i och med Covid-19-pandemins inträde, där nya virtuella arbetsformer har kommit att bli det nya normala. Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats var att i ljuset av Covid-19-pandemin studera den pågående sociala förändringen i arbetsnormer, i syfte att bidra till en mer nyanserad bild av employer branding Impelled by the Covid-19 pandemic, the labour market is undergoing remarkable structural change towards increasingly digitized and remote forms of work. The purpose of this paper has been to study the social change in work norms instigated by the Covid-19 pandemic, with the aim of contributing to a more nuanced understanding of contemporary employer branding as a form of strategic communication in
Thesis Purpose: This thesis aims to explore the complex phenomenon of female character representation, both quantity and portrayal, in video games and which factors either inhibit or enhance the creation and how. Methodology: A qualitative study with an inductive approach, designed to answer the research question “How do different factors contribute to the inclusion or exclusion of female charact
The current, seemingly uninhibited, growth of AI technologies presents one of the most critical modern day quandaries. The magnitude of its potential to develop, necessitates a deeper look into the legal implications associated which this technology. This thesis aims to describe and analyse the obligations of complete data sets in Article 10 AIA and its relationship with article 5(c) GDPR, using t
Romance and investment fraud are complex crimes to investigate. Previous research centers around these fraud’s offenders and victims. However, much less attention has been given to the perspectives of the fraud investigators, even though their central role in the investigation and prevention process. The investigators often encounter resistance from victims, due to them being exposed to social man
