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Background: Vietnam introduced the Health Care Fund for the Poor in 2002 to increase access to health care and reduce the financial burden of health expenditure faced by the poor and ethnic minorities. It is often argued that effects of financing reforms take a long time to materialize. This study evaluates the short-term impact of the program to determine if pro-poor financing programs can achiev

Moving towards an ecologically sound society requires strong support from higher educational institutions. During the past decade, the Journal of Cleaner Production has published more than 150 articles that have highlighted advances in academic efforts on sustainability in higher education, that were focused upon education, research, outreach and greening of campus operations in universities from

A high intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), has been associated with reduced levels of blood pressure (BP). Their antihypertensive action may be due to the reduction of the ω-6/ω-3 ratio and the resulting competitive effect of ω-3 as compared to arachidonic acid (an ω-6 PUFA) as a substrate of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes involved in the production of vasoactive mediators

Popular Abstract in Swedish Svår alfa-1antitrypsinbrist (AAT-brist), s.k. PiZZ, är ett ärftligt tillstånd som har en hög förekomst i Sverige, cirka 1/1600. Bristen innebär ökad risk för utveckling av kroniskt obstruktiv lungsjukdom (KOL), speciellt hos rökare. Leversjukdom är också relativt vanlig och kan förekomma såväl i barndomen som i hög ålder. Levercirros (skrumplever) och levercancer är öveSevere alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disorder associated with increases risk of developing of chronic obstructive lung disease and liver disease. The Swedish National Registry for individuals with severe AATD was started 1991.Up to October 2008, a total of 1349 individuals were included in the registry. The aims of the studies in this thesis which bases on AATD registry are to

Popular Abstract in Swedish Sköldkörtelhormoner och bröstcancer Insjuknandet i sköldkörtelsjukdomar är liksom bröstcancer vanligast hos kvinnor efter klimakteriet och ett eventuellt samband har diskuterats i över ett sekel. Experimentella studier har visat att sköldkörtelhormoner påverkar både utveckling av normala bröstceller och tillväxt av bröstcancerceller. Det finns också belägg för att sköThyroid hormones and breast cancer-prospective studies on incidence, mortality and prognostic factors The aim of this thesis was to investigate in a prospective design, thyroid hormones in relation to breast cancer risk, mortality and prognostic factors. The association between total triiodothyronine (T3) levels and breast cancer risk was studied in 2185 women with146 incident breast cancer case

The DEK gene is highly expressed in a wide range of cancer cells, and a recurrent translocation partner in acute myeloid leukemia. While DEK has been identified as one of the most abundant proteins in human chromatin, its function and binding properties are not fully understood.

The Roma people’s isolation has been a major concern for the population in Europe for many years. Programs and legal frameworks are created for the protection for this underprivileged group; however the isolation continues to exist. The purpose of this paper is to explain why many of the measures taken are shown to be inadequate. The outlining and the examination of the history in this matter will

The principle of force feedback is to design a sensor as a feedback system where the action of the measured variable is compensated by a force generated by feedback. Force feedback has contributed significantly to improve the quality of sensors. A characteristic feature of MEMS devices is that they are subject to random disturbances, such as Brownian motion, Johnson-Nyquist noise, and tunneling no

Popular Abstract in Swedish Syftet med denna studie var att (I) utvärdera sambandet mellan övervikt mätt med det s.k. body mass index (BMI) och operation med höftleds- eller knäledsprotes (konstgjord led) på grund av artros, (II) utvärdera sambandet mellan mekanisk belastning på grund av yrke och operation med höftleds- eller knäledsprotes på grund av artros, (III) utvärdera naturalförloppet för eThe purpose of this study was to (I) assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR) due to osteoarthritis (OA), (II) assess the association between the mechanical load of work and THR and TKR due to OA, (III) evaluate the natural history of radiographic hip OA with regards to THR and hip fracture, (IV) to determine the prevalen

Background: Immigrants from the Middle-East are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of the present survey was to measure, in a single deprived neighbourhood, the prevalence rates of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and T2D in residents originating from Iraq and to compare them to those in residents born in Sweden. An additional aim was to ident

Syftet med denna studie är att analysera hur ungdomar som varit placerade på särskilda ungdomshem upplever, definierar och tolkar ett behandlingsprojekt, som involverade olika myndigheter, benämnt Motverka Våld och Gäng. Dessutom uppmärksammas hur de tolkade de i projektet anställda samordnarna. Den personliga aspekten i relationen mellan ungdomar och samordnare framställs som viktig och det verkThe purpose of this study is to analyse the way young people who were institutionalised in so called special youth-homes experienced, defined and iterpreted on the one hand the project “Motverka Våld och Gäng” (meaning: “Counteract Violence and Gangs”), and on the other hand the Coordinators employed in this project. There is a big variation in the perception of the coordinators. One common deno

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to examine associations between intake of macronutrients and dietary fiber and incident ischemic cardiovascular disease (iCVD) in men and women. METHODS: We used data from 8,139 male and 12,535 female participants (aged 44-73 y) of the Swedish population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. The participants were without history of CVD and diabetes mellitus, and

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that, if not treated, will progress into blast crisis (BC) of either myeloid or B lymphoid phenotype. The BCR-ABL1 fusion gene, encoding a constitutively active tyrosine kinase, is thought to be sufficient to cause chronic phase (CP) CML, whereas additional genetic lesions are needed for progression into CML BC. To generate a humanize

To compare physical activity measures and their associations with insulin sensitivity, β-cell function and body mass index (BMI) between Iraqi immigrants and native Swedes.

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether the decrease in IMT progression rate in the carotid bulb induced by metoprolol CR/XL treatment (25mg once daily) observed in the β-blocker Cholesterol-lowering Asymptomatic Plaque Study (BCAPS) was accompanied by an effect on carotid plaque echogenicity. METHODS: Gray scale median (GSM) in carotid plaques, used as a score of echogenicity, was measured at baseline and

We prospectively evaluated fat intake as predictor of developing breast cancer (BC) subtypes defined by estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor (HER2), in a large (n = 337327) heterogeneous cohort of women, with 10062 BC case patients after 11.5 years, estimating BC hazard ratios (HRs) by Cox proportional hazard modeling. High total and satu

Malignant melanoma (MM) patients are being treated with an increasing number of personalized medicine (PM) drugs, several of which are small molecule drugs developed to treat patients with specific disease genotypes and phenotypes. In particular, the clinical application of protein kinase inhibitors (PKI) has been highly effective for certain subsets of MM patients. Vemurafenib, a PKI targeting BR