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Cytochromes of c-type contain covalently bound haem and in bacteria are located on the periplasmic side of the cytoplasmic membrane. More than eight different gene products have been identified as being specifically required for the synthesis of cytochromes c in Gram-negative bacteria. Corresponding genes are not found in the genome sequences of Gram-positive bacteria. Using two random mutagenesis
Clusters of genes encoding enzymes for tetrapyrrole biosynthesis were cloned from Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Brevibacillus brevis and Paenibacillus macerans. The sequences of all hemX genes found, and of a 6.3 kbp hem gene cluster from P. macerans, were determined. The structure of the hem gene clusters was compared to that of other Gram-positive bacteria. The Bacillus and B
The small-disturbance electro-mechanical dynamics of a power system can be translated to an equivalent circuit model with inductances and capacitances. Damping control of active power in proportion to local frequency as with a VSC-HVDC link or an energy storage then corresponds to introducing a resistor in the circuit model. This letter shows that impedance matching can be used to select resistor
Level crossing sampling (LCS) is a power-efficient analog-to-digital conversion scheme for spikelike signals that arise in many Internet of Things-enabled automotive and environmental monitoring applications. However, LCS scheme requires a dedicated time-to-digital converter with large dynamic range specifications. In this paper, we present a compressed LCS that exploits the signal sparsity in the
BACKGROUND Sentinel-lymph-node biopsy is associated with increased melanoma-specific survival (i.e., survival until death from melanoma) among patients with node-positive intermediatethickness melanomas (1.2 to 3.5 mm). The value of completion lymph-node dissection for patients with sentinel-node metastases is not clear. METHODS In an international trial, we randomly assigned patients with sentine
Traditional industrial robots have problems interacting with an uncalibrated, ill-defined environment where part geometry and position may vary. Active force control technology has therefore been suggested as a solution to add the extra sensory dimension needed to handle manufacturing tasks like assembly and deburring. The technology is proposed to give increased flexibility compared to other solu
As the presence of English in Europe continues to grow, there is a mounting interest in the position of national languages among European institutions, societies, and people. Swedish, like many national languages in Europe and throughout the world, is in an awkward position. It is at the same time a strong national language with the potential to dominate other languages within national borders and
Abstract in UndeterminedBackground: The current management guidelines for pediatric mild head injury (MHI) liberally recommend computed tomography (CT) and frequent admission. Serum protein S100B, currently used in management of adult head injury, has recently shown potential for reducing unnecessary CT scans after pediatric mild head injury. Capillary sampling in children is commonly used when ve
Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) prevents the inactivation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). This increases circulating levels of active GLP-1, stimulates insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon secretion, resulting in lowering of glucose levels and improvement of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Several DPP-4 inhibitors are emerging for therapeutic use. Most experi
A procedure to obtain future local precipitation characteristics focused on extreme conditions has been developed based on a weather generator. The method involves six major steps: (1) the weather generator was calibrated using observed daily precipitation at 220 Swedish stations during 1961–2004; (2) present and future daily precipitation characteristics for the Swedish stations from two global c
Smoking and other forms of tobacco use are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The effect of cigarette smoking on cardiovascular health is evident even at the lowest levels of exposure. Yet, the adverse effects of smoking are reversible, with cardiovascular risk decreasing substantially within the first 2 years of smoking cessation. Significantly, the mortality from coronary heart disea
A full-rank IC x n matrix G(D) over the rational functions F(D) generates a rate R = k/n convolutional code C. G(D) is minimal if it can be realized with as few memory elements as any encoder for C, and G(D) is canonical if it has a minimal realization in controller canonical form. We show that G(D) is minimal if and only if for all rational input sequences p1 (D), the span of U (D) G (D) covers t
The one-dimensional inverse scattering problem is considered for potentials that grow without limit for large values of x. The Marchenko method is established for this class of potentials, and several properties of the solution to the Schrödinger equation are developed. In the derivation of the Marchenko equation an extension of the triangularity condition is used. Some brief remarks on the relati
Time-domain maximum-likelihood (ML) estimators of time and frequency offsets are derived for three orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal models: a pulse-shaped one-shot OFDM signal, a stream of multiple OFDM signals and an OFDM signal in a dispersive channel environment. We then develop structures to simplify their implementation. Simulation results show the relative performance
An ensemble of (J, K) -regular low-density parity-check (LDPC) convolutional codes is introduced and existence-type lower bounds on the minimum distance dL, of code segments of finite length L and on the free distance dfree are derived. For sufficiently large constraint lengths v, the distances are shown to grow linearly with v and the ratio dL/v approaches the ratio dfee/v for large L. Moreover,
