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Increasing aridity is one major consequence of ongoing global climate change and is expected to cause widespread changes in key ecosystem attributes, functions, and dynamics. This is especially the case in naturally vulnerable ecosystems, such as drylands. While we have an overall understanding of past aridity trends, the linkage between temporal dynamics in aridity and dryland ecosystem responses
Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge of the effects of global warming on past and future changes in climate of the Baltic Sea region is summarised and assessed. The study is an update of the Second Assessment of Climate Change (BACC II) published in 2015 and focuses on the atmosphere, lan
Accurate maps of past land cover and human land use are necessary for studying the impact of anthropogenic land-cover changes, such as deforestation, on the climate. The maps of past land cover should ideally be separated into naturally occurring vegetation and human-induced changes, thereby enabling the quantification of the effect of human land use on the past climate. We developed a Bayesian hi
Virtual reality (VR) has dominated technology headlines in recent years with its ability to immerse users in a virtual world. This technology is changing the tourism industry dramatically. Previously, VR has been used mainly as a marketing tool to promote services and tourist destinations. But nowadays, VR is almost an essential technology, used in many tourism organizations to provide customized
Bakgrund: God balans kräver ett samarbete mellan flera av kroppens olika sinnen och strategier. En nedsättning i något av dessa sinnen eller en oförmåga att använda dessa strategier ökar risken för fallolyckor, som leder till stort personligt lidande för individen och stora kostnader för samhället. Fallpreventivt arbete krävs för att förhindra fallolyckor. För att detta ska förbättras behövs en ök
Balans och psykologisk tilltro till fotledsfunktion vid idrottsutövande hos kvinnliga handbollsspelare efter en fotledsstukning Bakgrund: Handboll är en intensiv idrott och kännetecknas av ett stort antal högintensiva moment såsom hopp, tempoväxlingar, riktningsförändringar, dueller och kontaktsituationer. Handboll var en av de mest skadedrabbade sporterna under OS i London 2012 och under VM i Q
Popular Abstract in Swedish Kärnan kan ses som en samling nukleoner vilka hålls samman av den starka kraften. Nukleonerna är protoner (p) med laddning +1 och neutroner (n) med laddning 0. Kraften kan beskrivas som ett utbyte av mesoner såsom pioner (pi) vilka förekommer i tre laddningstillstånd pi+, pi- och pi0 (laddning +1, -1 och 0). Inuti kärnan rör sig nukleonerna och utbytesmesonerna vilket gA comprehensive near-threshold 4He(g,n) absolute cross section measurement has been performed at the high-resolution tagged-photon facility MAX-lab located in Lund, Sweden. The 20 < Eg < 45 MeV tagged photons (covering the Giant Dipole Resonance energy region) were directed towards a liquid 4He target, and knocked-out neutrons were detected in a pair of 60 cm x 60 cm vetoed NE213A liquid scintilla
Titel: Tipping or Stiffing? - En kvalitativ studie om dricks i turistnäringen utifrån ett kundperspektiv. Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i Service Management, VT 2018. Institution: Institutionen för Service Management vid Lunds universitet, Campus Helsingborg. Författare: Cassandra Darwiche och Johanna Månsson. Handledare: Johan Hultman. Problemområde: Dricks är en betydande ekonomisk aktivitet som är lös
This paper concerns the question of how one can frame a political message. I investigate how a political frame is bound both to the line of argumentation connected with a certain discourse and to the audience closely related to that discourse. I have chosen to study a single case where the policy process was characterized by a framing contest. The case shows how negotiating the new Services Direc
Agricultural production systems are under pressure to contribute to climate mitigation, biodiversity conservation, and resilient food production. This calls for multifunctional strategies, potentially including integrated biomass production in intensively farmed landscapes to generate renewable energy and positive environmental impacts as co-benefits. Despite this, broader implications of large-sc
This paper has examined whether men and women, charged with physical assault in 2019, have been treated equally by the Swedish district court in their sanction assessment. By doing a quantitative content analysis the content of judgements, handed down by the district courts of Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö, have been categorized and quantified. The information was categorized by the variables th
Small area childhood stunting risk estimations remain a critical tool for shaping the surveillance policies of such a public health concern. With classical statistical methods, stunting risk metrics are mainly reported at a national level, which inhibits fine-scale insights at a more localized level. To this end, we implemented a novel multilevel small area estimation (SAE) approach for effectivel
We study how small, fine-tuned generative large language models (LLMs) can moderate free-text search queries for surveillance video systems. Four open models, Llama 3.2 1B, Llama 3.2 3B, Qwen 2.5 0.5B, and 1.5 B, are trained on six subtasks: safety judgement, problem detection, target detection, span detection, safety explanation, and rephrase. The training combines a public toxicity set with abou
A divergence in labor productivity growth rates in the services sector has been observed between in particular the euro-area members and the US since the mid-1990’s. The study addresses the question whether deregulation of the telecoms sector contributed to economic development through an elevated effect of ICT capital. The study finds ICT capital to have a positive effect on both real GDP growth
In the following study, using highly-developed remote sensing methodologies, a historical over-ten-year study of the LULC phenomenon of the Khorezm Oasis was conducted. The analysis provides valuable insights about agricultural change, water management policies and the alteration of LULC in the region, including several processes, changes in plants and irrigation levels, population density and gro
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and biocl
Boreal forests have a large impact on the global greenhouse gas balance and their soils constitute an important carbon (C) reservoir. Mature boreal forests are typically a net CO2 sink, but there are also examples of boreal forests that are persistent CO2 sources. The reasons remain often unknown, presumably due to a lack of understanding of how biotic and abiotic drivers interact to determine the
