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Migration distance and seasonal redistribution patterns may vary between and within bird populations. A common pattern is leap-frog migration, in which northerly breeding populations migrate farther and winter south of more southerly breeding populations. Another common pattern is difference in migration distances between males and females within the same population. Evidently different population
In this study we describe a methodology to create high-vertical-resolution SO2 profiles from volcanic emissions. We demonstrate the method's performance for the volcanic clouds following the eruption of Sarychev in June 2009. The resulting profiles are based on a combination of satellite SO2 and aerosol retrievals together with trajectory modelling. We use satellite-based measurements, namely lida
We here present a comparison of methods for the pretreatment of a batch of tree rings for high-precision measurement of radiocarbon at the Aarhus AMS Centre (AARAMS), Aarhus University, Denmark. The aim was to develop an efficient and high-Throughput method able to pretreat ca. 50 samples at a time. We tested two methods for extracting α-cellulose from wood to find the most optimal for our use. On
This thesis explores the challenges and advancements in high-dimensional Bayesian optimization (HDBO), focusing on understanding, quantifying, and improving optimization techniques in high-dimensional spaces.Bayesian optimization (BO) is a powerful method for optimizing expensive black-box functions, but its effectiveness diminishes as the dimensionality of the search space increases due to the cu
Purpose: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is related to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, combined data on CRS, pulmonary function, lower airway symptoms, and cigarette smoking from the general population are lacking. The current study investigates the relationships between CRS and chronic airflow limitation (CAL), lower airway symptoms and COPD in a middle-aged populat
Over the last decade, knowledge has significantly increased on the taxonomic identity and distribution of dinoflagellates of the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. Additionally, a number of hitherto unknown bioactive metabolites have been described, while the role of these compounds in ciguatera poisoning (CP) remains to be clarified. Ciguatoxins and maitotoxins are very toxic compounds produced by
In this paper, we extend the control contraction metrics (CCM) approach, which was originally proposed for the universal tracking control of nonlinear systems, to those that evolves on Lie groups. Our idea is to view the manifold as a constrained set that is embedded in Euclidean space, and then propose the sufficient conditions for the existence of a CCM and the associated controller design. Nota
Extreme solar particle events (ESPEs) are infrequent yet highly potent manifestations of solar activity. These events result in the production of significant amounts of cosmogenic isotopes (CIs): 10Be, 36Cl, and 14C, which are subsequently deposited in natural stratified archives. Analyzing CI measurements from these archives allows us to assess the particle fluxes during ESPEs. In this study, we
Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) interact with the Earth’s atmosphere to produce energetic neutrons and cosmogenic radionuclides, such as 14C. The atmosphere is partially shielded from the interstellar GCR spectrum by both the geomagnetic and solar magnetic fields. Solar shielding is often expressed as the heliospheric modulation potential ϕ, which consolidates information about the strength and struct
Cholesterol is an essential membrane component enriched in plasma membranes, growth cones, and synapses. The brain normally synthesizes all cholesterol locally, but the contribution of individual cell types to brain cholesterol metabolism is unknown. To investigate whether cortical projection neurons in vivo essentially require cholesterol biosynthesis and which cell types support neurons, we have
Volcanic eruptions are documented throughout geological history and are frequently observed and experienced in the modernworld. Strong eruptions in recent decades have resulted in air and water pollution, acid snowfall, disruption in aerial transport and variousillnesses in humans and livestock. Despite their consequences, these recent events are incomparable to eruptions of a much largermagnitude
Project retrospectives can be a powerful tool for process improvement through obtaining new insights. However pure experience-based reflections may lead to incorrect conclusions. Our method, evidence-based timeline retrospectives (EBTR), mitigates this risk by providing a pre-generated timeline that visualises project history based on evidence rather than relying on subjective opinions and biased
The research area of climate field reconstructions has developed strongly during the past 20 years, motivated by the need to understand the complex dynamics of the earth system in a changing climate. Climate field reconstructions aim to build a consistent gridded climate reconstruction of different variables, often from a range of climate proxies, using either statistical tools or a climate model
Radiocarbon (C) ages cannot provide absolutely dated chronologies for archaeological or paleoenvironmental studies directly but must be converted to calendar age equivalents using a calibration curve compensating for fluctuations in atmospheric C concentration. Although calibration curves are constructed from independently dated archives, they invariably require revision as new data become availab
Background: Spousal violence is the most common domestic violence against women and a growing public health problem globally. As a behaviour, marital control is commonly accepted as a precursor to spousal violence. Objective: This study examines the prevalence of different types of spousal violence among women in Myanmar and their association with sociodemographic factors and husbands’ controlling
High-resolution modelling is needed to understand urban air quality and pollutant dispersion in detail. Recently, the PALM model system 6.0, which is based on large-eddy simulation (LES), was extended with the detailed Sectional Aerosol module for Large Scale Applications (SALSA) v2.0 to enable studying the complex interactions between the turbulent flow field and aerosol dynamic processes. This s
Northern Hemispheric high-latitude climate variations during the last glacial are expected to propagate globally in a complex way. Investigating the evolution of these variations requires a precise synchronization of the considered environmental archives. Aligning the globally common production rate variations of the cosmogenic radionuclide 10Be in different archives provides a tool for such synch
This paper focuses on the use of pulse functions and point matching method to construct the impedance matrix needed for the characteristic mode analysis of dielectric bodies. Taking the results given by a commercial Method of Moments (MoM) solver as a benchmark, the proposed method is shown to facilitate accurate characteristic eigenvectors and eigenvalues on these structures using low order basis
This paper discusses the problem of testing the performance of the adaptation layer in a self-adaptive system. The problem is notoriously hard, due to the high degree of uncertainty and variability inherent in an adaptive software application. In particular, providing any type of formal guarantee for this problem is extremely difficult. In this paper we propose the use of a rigorous probabilistic
