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We measured H2O and CO2 fluxes at a boreal forest floor using eddy covariance (EC) and chamber methods. Maximum evapotranspiration measured with EC ranged from 1.5 to 2.0 mmol m(-2) s(-1) while chamber estimates depended substantially on the location and the vegetation inside the chamber. The daytime net CO2 exchange measured with EC (0-2 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) was of the same order as measured with
European energy policy aims to shift the energy market towards an increased focus on energy services based on end-user needs. This requires a close understanding of the role of end-users and their needs and practices. Based on a European project called CHANGING BEHAVIOUR, we examine the interaction between energy users and energy efficiency practitioners. Using previous cases and our own pilots as
Using constant-effort catch data, causes of annual variation in the timing of migration of Curlew Sandpipers (Calidris ferruginea) migrating through Ottenby, Sweden, as well as the trend in timing of migration from 1946-2005, was investigated. Variation in the timing of autumn migration of adult and juvenile Curlew Sandpipers was influenced by breeding success connected to predation pressure on th
We have synthesized hematite cube-shaped nanoparticles using different synthesis paths to examine the effect of the intermediate product akaganeite (beta-FeOOH) on the size and shape of the final hematite particles. Akaganeite spindles and hematite nanocubes are prepared using forced hydrolysis of iron chloride (FeCI3) salt. We use a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high reso
In experimentally induced myocardial ischemia, mild hypothermia (33-35 degrees C) has a robust cardioprotective effect. Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a profibrinolytic enzyme that is released from the vascular endothelial cells in response to ischemia and other injurious stimuli. t-PA has also been found to have proinflammatory properties that could contribute to reperfusion injury. We po
The aim of this thesis was to explore the impact of meniscal injury and meniscectomy on joint and muscle function, physical activity and perceived health in middle-age subjects and to evaluate the effect of a functional exercise program. Male and female post meniscectomy patients participated in Studies I-IV (n=45 in Studies I-III, n=99 in Study IV) and Study IV also included 94 controls. Outcome
Event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum of charged particles produced in pp collisions at root s = 0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV, and Pb-Pb collisions at root S-NN = 2.76 TeV are studied as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity using the ALICE detector at the LHC. Dynamical fluctuations indicative of correlated particle emission are observed in all systems. The results in pp co
This thesis assesses aspects of the wetland development, permafrost dynamics and associated changes in carbon and nutrient cycling of the Stordalen Mire in northern Sweden. Various ecological and biogeochemical analyses of one peat and two lake sediment sequences were conducted, including analyses of organic matter and carbonate content, mosses, diatoms, testate amoebae, pigments, carbon and nitro
It is important to understand the role that different predators can have to be able to predict how changes in the predator assemblage may affect the prey community and ecosystem attributes. We tested the effects of different stream predators on macroinvertebrates and ecosystem attributes, in terms of benthic algal biomass and accumulation of detritus, in artificial stream channels. Predator richne
The age specific patterns of reproduction and mortality dictated by the life history of an organism apply to potential invaders as well as resident species of an area, but whether certain life history traits are more invasive than others is an unresolved issue. We analyze a two-population system of an invading and a resident species and test the effects of age on the probability to invade when the
The solids-flux theory has been used for half a century as a tool for estimating concentration and fluxes in the design and operation of secondary settling tanks during stationary conditions. The flux theory means that the conservation of mass is used in one dimension together with the batch-settling flux function according to the Kynch assumption. The flux theory results correspond to stationary
A calibration model was developed for a non-invasive blood glucose sensor, to determine how the blood glucose data measured by this sensor is related to blood glucose data measured with laboratory capillary finger sticks and to corrupting noise. The variability of calibration models for different patients was analyzed as well as the dynamics of the non-invasive blood glucose sensor according to re
Background: The higher risk of death resulting from excess adiposity may be attenuated by physical activity (PA). However, the theoretical number of deaths reduced by eliminating physical inactivity compared with overall and abdominal obesity remains unclear. Objective: We examined whether overall and abdominal adiposity modified the association between PA and all-cause mortality and estimated the
Background: Fragility fractures are a major health problem world wide and the numbers are growing due to ageing populations. Early identification of individuals at risk for osteoporosis and fracture, enabling preventive measures and treatment is essential. Bone strength is partly dependent on lifestyle but genetic factors account for approximately 70-80%. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the key regul
OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of lipid lowering drug, simvastatin, on apolipoprotein M expression in the hyperlipidemic mice and in hepatic cell line, HepG2 cells. METHODS: Swiss male mice were randomly divided into the high fat group and control group, and were intragastrically fed with 0.9% saline (control group) or lipid emulsion (high fat group) at the daily dosage of 15 ml/kg body weight
Popular Abstract in Swedish Tumörer i ben och mjukdelar är vanliga men utgör endast 1 % av alla maligna neoplasier. De elakartade tumörerna är ofta utmanande att diagnostisera pga deras relativt likartade morfologi samt att de är ovanliga. Således är all tilläggsinformation värdefull och genetiska analysmetoder kan bidra med information som är användbar och i vissa fall tom avgörande för diagnostiTumors of bone and soft tissue are common but only constitute 1 % of all malignant tumors. The malignant tumors are often difficult to diagnose due to their rarity and morphological resemblance between subtypes. This makes the diagnostic process challenging. Thus, there is a need for ancillary techniques, such as genetic analyses, not only for diagnostic purposes, but also for obtaining informatio
Ship-generated waves were investigated in the Gota alv river, which is a major waterway on the Swedish west coast between the sea and Lake Vanern. Ships with a typical size of 85x15x5 m (lengthxwidthxdraft) travel at speeds between 5 and 10 knots, generating waves that cause sediment transport and erosion along the river bed and banks. Field measurements of the wave properties and turbidity were c
The effect of modulating the structure of thin pentacene (C22H14) films by a nanopatterned inert substrate, known as hexagonal boron nitride nanomesh, is reported. Films of different thickness are grown and characterized by x-ray absorption, core-level photoemission, low-energy electron microscopy, microbeam low-energy electron diffraction, and scanning tunneling microscopy. Initially the pentacen
Researchers often statistically control for means when examining individual or age-associated differences in variances, assuming that the relation between the 2 is linear and invariant within and across individuals and age groups. We tested this assumption in the domain of working memory by applying variance-heterogeneity multilevel models to reaction times in the n-back task. Data are from the CO
The polarizability and other properties have been studied for F(-), Cl(-), Br(-), and HCOO(-) in water using a combined quantum chemical statistical mechanics simulation model that explicitly takes into account the Pauli repulsion as well as the electrostatic coupling between the QM system and the classical surroundings. It is shown that the surrounding molecules significantly reduce both the pola
