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We analyze reinforcement learning under so-called "dynamic reinforcement." In reinforcement learning, each agent repeatedly interacts with an unknown environment (i.e., other agents), receives a reward, and updates the probabilities of its next action based on its own previous actions and received rewards. Unlike standard reinforcement learning, dynamic reinforcement uses a combination of long-ter
The phenomenon of adopting open source software development practices in a corporate environment is known by many names, one being inner source. The objective of this study is to investigate how an organization consisting of small development teams can benet from adopting inner source and assess the level of applicability. The research has been conducted as a case study at a software development c
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding process where metals are joined without melting. Heat is generated by friction between a rotating non-consumable tool and the work-piece material, and by mechanical deformation of the material. The process, invented in 1991, provides several benefits over arc welding and other fusion processes: No filler material has to be added, low energy cons
In this chapter, we discuss the open challenges in building self-aware computing systems that are still being faced by the research and development community. The challenges can be theoretical, technical, computational, or even sociological. First, we highlight the challenges associated with each of the earlier parts of the book and summarize on respective future research directions. We then offer
In the recent project BENCHOP–the BENCHmarking project in Option Pricing we found that Stochastic and Local Volatility problems were particularly challenging. Here we continue the effort by introducing a set of benchmark problems for this type of problems. Eight different methods targeted for the Stochastic Differential Equation (SDE) formulation and the Partial Differential Equation (PDE) formula
This chapter proposes a novel conceptual framework for understanding how different knowledge bases (analytic, synthetic and symbolic) can be accessed and combined at different territorial scales, looking at which mechanisms can be used to favor positive transformation paths in local productive systems. We apply such framework to the role of combinatorial knowledge for sustainable transformation un
We present an accurate analysis of phase noise in ring oscillators, where each stage in the ring is a CMOS inverter loaded by a capacitance. Closed-form phase noise expressions are obtained in both 1/f2 and 1/f3 offset frequency regions, displaying an excellent agreement with numerical simulations using either ideal Verilog-A MOS models (allowing theoretical predictions to be tested with exactly t
Precipitation variability over the Bolivian Altiplano is strongly affected by local climate and temporal variation of large-scale atmospheric flow. Precipitation is the main water source for drinking water and agricultural production. For this reason, a better understanding of precipitation variability and its relation with climate phenomena can provide important information for forecasting of dro
This work considers the assignment of vehicle traffic consisting of both individual, opportunistic vehicles and a cooperative fleet of vehicles. The first set of vehicles seek a user-optimal policy and the second set seeks a fleet-optimal policy. We provide explicit sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a Nash equilibrium at which both policies are satisfied.We also propose two
Based on fieldwork interviews from two different trade unions in Luanda, this study aims to reflect on the role of civil society for the consolidation of democracy in Angola, and in particular, the challenges of trade unionism and its effects on democracy. Using the meth-od of inductive reasoning to process data, it first addresses themes derived from the inter-views such as Financial struggles, T
Nowadays, the same piece of code should run on different architectures, providing performance guarantees in a variety of environments and situations. To this end, designers often integrate existing systems with ad-hoc adaptive strategies able to tune specific parameters that impact performance or energy—for example, frequency scaling. However, these strategies interfere with one another and unpred
We have investigated the temperature induced micelle-to-vesicle transition in a binary non-ionic surfactant/water system, for which the spontaneous curvature decreases with increasing temperature. Temperature jumps with variable rate were performed in a microwave oven, from a micellar phase at 5 ◦C to a lamellar phase region at 35 ◦C, passing a liquid-liquid two phase region where dilute and conce
Abstract in UndeterminedRecording eye movement data with high quality is often a prerequisite for producing valid and replicable results and for drawing well-founded conclusions about the oculomotor system. Today, many aspects of data quality are often informally discussed among researchers but are very seldom measured, quantified, and reported. Here we systematically investigated how the calibrat
Stochastic optimal power flow can provide the system operator with adequate strategies for controlling the power flow to maintain secure operation under stochastic parameter variations. One limitation of stochastic optimal power flow has been that only steady-state variable limits have been used as security constraints. In many systems voltage stability and small-signal stability also play an impo
This study is about diplomatic recognition, and why some states have not received full diplomatic recognition from the international community. The central research-problem focuses on the factors that affect a state's foreign policy decision not to recognize other states. Taiwan and Kosovo are chosen as research-cases through a strategic case-selection. The theoretical framework used in this s
Rabbits were immunised with suspensions of viable, insulin-producing islet cells prepared from collagenase-isolated rat or ob/ob mouse pancreatic islets. Antibodies reactive with the surface of dispersed rat islet cells were present in both the rabbit anti-rat and the rabbit anti -ob/ob mouse islet sera as revealed by indirect immunofluorescence or by a radioligandassa
We manipulate the information subjects can share on the web concerning socially sensitive actions (public good contribution) and visibility (selfie) to determine the effect on social image, as captured by the price subjects demand for publication. The overall conclusion from the experiment is that theory about social reputation can predict subjects' social-signaling behavior. People take costly de
This article is an in-depth comparative case study of six leadingmanufacturing firms in the Great Zurich region of Switzerland and the Sichuanprovince of China. It employs innovation system approach, institutionalthickness framework and social network analysis to investigate the regionalinstitutions of the two regions and their impact on the connectedness of the casefirms’ internal and external in
