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The synthesis of model and observational information using data assimilation can improve our understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle, a key component of the Earth's climate-carbon system. Here we provide a data assimilation framework for combining observations of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and a process-based model to improve estimates of terrestrial carbon uptake or gross
Natural hazards (i.e. earthquakes, floods) become disaster when they strike the man-made environment. To effectively reduce the impact of every disaster, governments prepare a complete strategy, called disaster management. Availability of data such as: buildings, lifeline systems, roads, hospitals and etc, will help the managers to better decision-making. The majority of this data is spatial and c
The newly described immunoglobulin G-binding streptococcal surface protein, protein G, was used to prepare and characterize rabbit antibodies. The antibodies were directed against rat hormone-sensitive lipase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the hydrolysis of the triacylglycerols stored in adipose tissue. Antiserum was obtained after two injections with 20 micrograms enzyme protein, and the immunoglob
Expert-led multicriteria methodologies might have significant improvements in terms of relevance and effectiveness when citizen participation is integrated. This inclusion is especially influential regarding urban revitalization projects (URPs) prioritization, which directly affects the conservation of cultural heritage. The objective is to apply an existing multicriteria methodology for URPs’ pri
Our paper about the impacts of the Laschamps Geomagnetic Excursion 42,000 years ago has provoked considerable scientific and public interest, particularly in the so-called Adams Event associated with the initial transition of the magnetic poles. Although we welcome the opportunity to discuss our new ideas, Hawks’ assertions of misrepresentation are especially disappointing given his limited examin
This article examines the emergence of idealism in evolutionary cognitive science by analyzing the conscious realism of the cognitive theorist Donald D. Hoffman and the mathematician Chetan Prakash. Perception is for them not about veridical experience, but rather a mechanism for survival. It helps us survive but does not give us access to reality as such. By relating Hoffman and Prakash's conscio
Scholarship in peace and conflict studies is paying increasing attention to the role of the environment for conflict transformation and peacebuilding. However, a closer analysis on how different understandings of “nature” implicate policy proposals and approaches to peacebuilding is lacking. In this study, we provide a critical reflection on the diverse understandings and valuations of nature at t
Given a sensor network, TDOA self-calibration aims at simultaneously estimating the positions of receivers and transmitters, and transmitters time offsets. This can be formulated as a system of polynomial equations. Due to the elevated number of unknowns and the nonlinearity of the problem, obtaining an accurate solution efficiently is nontrivial. Previous work has shown that iterative algorithms
Worldwide, racial and ethnic minorities have been disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 with increased risk of infection, its related complications, and death. In the initial phase of population-based vaccination in the United States (U.S.) and United Kingdom (U.K.), vaccine hesitancy may result in differences in uptake. We performed a cohort study among U.S. and U.K. participants who volunteere
Monocular depth estimation is a highly challenging problem that is often addressed with deep neural networks. While these use recognition of high level image features to predict reasonably looking depth maps,the result often has poor metric accuracy. Moreover,the standard feed forward architecture does not allow modification of the prediction based on cues other than the image.In this paper we rel
Since it is currently not understood how changes in 14C production rate (Q), and in the carbon cycle, can be combined to explain the reconstructed atmospheric Δ14C record, we discuss possible reasons for this knowledge gap. Reviewing the literature, we exclude that changes in the content of atoms in the atmosphere, which produce cosmogenic 14C after being hit by galactic cosmic rays, might be resp
Surgical conditions exert a major health burden in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), yet surgery remains a low priority on national health agendas. Little is known about the national factors that influence whether surgery is prioritised in LMICs. We investigated factors that could facilitate or prevent surgery from being a health priority in three LMICs.
We consider a perturbation problem for embedded eigenvalues of a self-adjoint differential operator in L2(R;Rn). In particular, we study the set of all small perturbations in an appropriate Banach space for which the embedded eigenvalue remains embedded in the continuous spectrum. We show that this set of small perturbations forms a smooth manifold and we specify its co-dimension. Our methods invo
Recently there has been an increase in the number of available autonomous vehicle (AV) models. To evaluate and compare the safety of the various models the AVs need to be tested in several diverse safety-critical scenarios. We propose the Adversarial Test Case Generator (ATCG) that differently from previous test case generators allows for the generation of realistic collision scenarios with varied
It is difficult to perform 3D reconstruction from on-vehicle gathered video due to the large forward motion of the vehicle. Even object detection and human sensing models perform significantly worse on onboard videos when compared to standard benchmarks because objects often appear far away from the camera compared to the standard object detection benchmarks, image quality is often decreased by mo
Realistic modelling of pedestrians in Autonomous Vehicles (AV)s and AV testing is crucial to avoid lethal collisions in deployment. The majority of AV trajectory forecasting literature do not utilize the motion cues present in 3D human pose because it is hard to gather large datasets of articulated 3D pedestrian motion. In this thesis we discuss the difficulties in data gathering and propose a ped
Iran basically sees ISIS as a military-security threat, but needs to consider it as a social-political problem too and devise its strategy to confront it accordingly, and this is of particular importance in the border areas where the situation can be ripe for ISIS to form sleeper sells and pockets of sympathy.
There exist several datasets for developing self-driving car methodologies. Manually collected datasets impose inherent limitations on the variability of test cases and it is particularly difficult to acquire challenging scenarios, e.g. ones involving collisions with pedestrians. A way to alleviate this is to consider automatic generation of safety-critical scenarios for autonomous vehicle (AV) te
