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Understanding bio-based protein polymer structures is important when designing new materials with desirable properties. Here the effect of urea on the wheat gluten (WG) protein structure in WG–urea films was investigated. Small-angle X-ray scattering indicated the formation of a hexagonal closepacked (HCP) hierarchical structure in the WG–urea materials. The HCP structure was influenced significan
[FeFe]-hydrogenases are highly efficient H(2)-evolving metalloenzymes that include cyanides and carbonyls in the active site. The latter is an Fe(6)S(6) cluster (the so-called H-cluster) that can be subdivided into a binuclear portion carrying the CO and CN(-) groups and a tetranuclear subcluster. The fundamental role of cyanide ligands in increasing the basicity of the H-cluster has been highligh
Background-Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experiencing acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are at high risk for clinical events. In the Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial, ticagrelor versus clopidogrel reduced the primary endpoint of death from vascular causes, myocardial infarction, or stroke after ACS, but increased the incidence of dyspnea, which may l
The fillet of the gear tooth is highly stressed in operation; so for heavily loaded gears, the fillet geometry must be controlled. The manufacturer's task is to, within acceptable tolerances, produce the gear to the designer's specifications regardless of the manufacturing method. Most often gear cutting tools are used that work under generating conditions. The tool will form the gear tooth; so to
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) are secreted by the prostate into seminal plasma and through leakage into blood. This leakage increases rapidly in prostate disease, and PSA is used worldwide as a marker of prostate cancer. PSA is activated in vitro by hK2, and cleaves the semenogelins in semen, which releases motile sperm, and low levels of PSA have been asso
This report is the outcome of Part I of a research project entitled An EPR system and new business models to in- crease reuse and recycling of textiles in the Nordic region. The overall aim of the project is to propose policy packages in Nordic countries which would support extended producer responsibility (EPR) systems and innovative business models which promote greater reuse and recycling of us
Abstract in UndeterminedAn analysis of the environmental effects and resource consumption by four systems for management of wastewater and organic household waste in a new city area have been performed, as follows: (1) conventional system complemented with advanced sludge treatment for phosphorus recovery, (2) blackwater system with urine diversion and food waste disposers, (3) blackwater system w
Test sensitivity pertains to the ability of a test to identify subjects with the target disorder. In cancer screening, test sensitivity can be estimated using interval cancer incidence as an indicator of false-negative result. A randomized trial provides the optimal approach for estimating test sensitivity, as the control arm provides the expected rates. We estimated the sensitivity of the prostat
Brachyradia, new genus, is proposed and described for two new species of the tribe Exechiini (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) from the Oriental and Australasian regions. The type species, Brachyradia asianca, new species, is described from Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia (Sulawesi), and a second species, Brachyradia australis, new species, from Indonesia (Sulawesi) and Papua New Guinea. The systematic
The Baltic Sea has experienced three major intervals of bottom water hypoxia following the intrusion of seawater circa 8 kyr ago. These intervals occurred during the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM), Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), and during recent decades. Here we show that sequestration of both Fe and Mn in Baltic Sea sediments generally increases with water depth, and we attribute this to shelf-
On 23 June 2000, the EU and the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states signed the Cotonou Agreement, a trade and aid agreement which represents a new approach to EU-ACP cooperation. For instance, it provides for the non-reciprocal trade preferences previously enjoyed by the ACP states to be replaced with regional free trade agreements. The aim of this essay is, firstly, to examine the EU
China's accession to the WTO was perceived as the West integrating the East into the international economy with market economy reforming the planned economy. The major actors, the United States (US) and the Euorpean Union (EU), with similar economic structures and ideologies were expected to cooperate and bargain the best offers from China. However, while the US adopted a confrontational appro
This is a study on transnational advocacy networks in the context of an accommodative EU multi-level governance system . Using the gay and lesbian network in the EU, I argue that transnational advocacy networks are successful in policy introduction (i.e. the inclusion of anti-discrimination clause in the Amsterdam Treaty) when they use leverage politics, accountability politics, symbolic politics,
This thesis analyses the debate around the patents on human genes from three most important angles: ethical, legal and economic. In the ethical context, patents on gene-related inventions are often seen as inappropriate because of the alleged special status of human DNA. The special status stems from their alleged responsibility for everything from diseases to social propensities and personal trai
This thesis investigates Article 53(b) of the European Patent Convention and has at its core, the reasoning for this Article. It establishes and explains the ideological beginnings of these exceptions to patenting. By focusing primarily on the two landmark cases on the Article, I have tried to draw out where the reasoning for this exclusion has come from and where the exclusion may potentially lea
The importance of property in everyday life of people is obvious. Although sometimes it looks like property does not fit into the human rights context, the author believes that the right to property as any other human right needs protection. The fact that 20 percent of all violations found by the European Court of Human Rights in the last eight years are connected with property rights illustrates
Bilateral Investment Treaties (BIT) are entered into by two state signatories wishing to promote, protect and liberalize investments. A BIT protects a private party, that is an investor having made an investment, by allowing for such a private party to address judicial recourse against a state signatory under the Washington Convention (the Convention). The Convention provides jurisdiction for the
Eco-labels show consumers which products' impact (multi-criteria basis) on the environment is the smallest compared to competitively and functionally similar ones and is intended to change consumption patterns. Generally most voluntary eco-labelling schemes have similar distinctive features, the main goal being that of promoting environmentally 'superior' products in providing consumer
