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In evaluating the effectiveness of a road safety treatment, the regression to the mean phenomenon is a cause for concern because of a possible overestimation of benefits. Therefore, Bayesian approaches are usually suggested as the most appropriate methodologies for before—after studies as they account for regression to the mean effects. The empirical Bayes (EB) methodology examines the estimation

Objective: To investigate the relationship between meniscus magnetic resonance (MR) relaxation parameters and meniscus degradation through quantitative imaging of ex vivo posterior horns of menisci from subjects with and without knee osteoarthritis (OA). Design: We sampled medial and lateral menisci from ten medial compartment knee OA patients (mean age 63 years) undergoing total knee replacement

The intestinal lamina propria (LP) contains a diverse array of mononuclear phagocyte (MNP) subsets, including conventional dendritic cells (cDC), monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages (mÏ †) that collectively play an essential role in mucosal homeostasis, infection and inflammation. In the current review we discuss the function of intestinal cDC and monocyte-derived MNP, highlighting how these

The 2010 population and housing census in Ghana revealed that more than half of the Ghanaian population lived in urban centers. Critical to the phenomenon of urbanization is the question of how to sustainably feed the urban population especially the urban poor as rapid urbanization has the tendency to urbanize poverty. This has led to renewed policy debate about the implications of farming in citi

Th2 cytokines like interleukin-4, -5, and -13 are regarded as important drivers of the immunopathology underlying allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma. The present study explores the capacity of pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS), a semi-synthetic heparin-like macromolecular carbohydrate, to bind Th2 cytokines and exert biological neutralization in vitro, as well as anti-inflammatory actions in vivo.

This chapters looks at the Swedish financial revolution in a long-term perspective. It begins with the establishment of the first formal financial organization, the Stockholm Banco in 1656, and follows the financial development until the end of the nineteenth century. The development of each part of the financial system is described in relation to the financial, economic, and political development

The adult adaptive immune system is comprised of a wide spectrum of lymphocyte subsets with distinct antigen receptor repertoire profiles, effector functions, turnover times and anatomical locations, acting in concert to provide optimal host protection and self-regulation. While some lymphocyte populations are replenished by bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through adulthood, others eme

This text sheds light on the delicate practice of including different religious as well as nonreligious expressions in a shared room. The effects of design decisions in a “room of silence” at a Swedish hospital are studied over a transitional period of renovation of the space. We observe the impact of materiality in the room’s establishment, renovation, and usage, and show how the room’s interior

We explore the multiphase structure of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) probed by synthetic spectra through a cosmological zoom-in galaxy formation simulation. We employ a Bayesian method for modelling a combination of absorption lines to derive physical properties of absorbers with a formal treatment of detections, including saturated systems, and non-detections in a uniform manner. We find that i

Using hydrodynamical simulations of entire galactic discs similar to the Milky Way (MW), reaching 4.6 pc resolution, we study the origins of observed physical properties of giant molecular clouds (GMCs). We find that efficient stellar feedback is a necessary ingredient in order to develop a realistic interstellar medium, leading to molecular cloud masses, sizes, velocity dispersions, and virial pa

Governments of different levels have been implementing various policies to enhance the closure of material loops, as well as to reduce the risk of hazardous substances. Manufacturers and distributors of products have a crucial role in the selection and/or verification of materials for their new products. This study sought to obtain concrete knowledge on perception, experiences, and future outlook

We study the problem of distance-based formation shape control for autonomous agents with double-integrator dynamics. Our considerations are focused on exponential stability properties. For second-order formation systems under the standard gradient-based control law, we prove local exponential stability with respect to the total energy by applying Chetaev's trick to the Lyapunov candidate function

The accurate surface reconstruction of 3D liquid structures is an important aspect for the understanding ofspray formation and liquid breakups. In this article, an approach to image in 3D the surface of liquid structuresin sprays (such as ligaments, liquid sheets/cores and liquid blobs) is presented. The technique is named FringeProjection - Laser Induced Fluorescence (FP-LIF) which is used by ill