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This article revisits the origins of Khomeini's concept of the guardianship of the jurisconsult (wilāyat al-faqīh) and argues that his own formulation of this concept needs to be embedded in debates around the clerical mandate in the state among clerical activists in Iraq he encountered during his exile. Focus will be on the so-called Shīrāzī network around the brothers Muhammad (1928-2001), Hasan
Against the backdrop of strong local self-government, this article analyses how local autonomy in Sweden has been affected by the implementation of the European Social Fund (ESF) and the ‘partnership principle’. Guided by theories on collaborative governance, the authors analyse three empirically-derived forms of organizational collaborative arrangements: top-down decision- making, bottom-up regio
Recent developments in higher education have shown that policies that promote employability tend to be at odds with policies that aim to ensure a close relationship between teaching and research. In this article, we explore how university teachers enact a policy demanding a close relationship between research and teaching. Based on a conceptualization of educational labor practices as policy enact
Homeownership rates have declined in several countries including Denmark and Turkey since 2010. A majority of the decline in homeownership has been observed among low income holders. This variation finding comparative case study compares similar patterns of neoliberal housing policies to examine wealth inequalities based on homeownership despite fundamental differences in housing markets and welfa
Phase-noise (PN) estimation and compensation are crucial in millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems to achieve high reliability. The PN estimation, however, suffers from high computational complexity due to its fundamental characteristics, such as spectral spreading and fast-varying fluctuations. In this paper, we propose a new framework for low-complexity PN compensation in orthogonal freq
The aim of this paper is to apply the perspective of aesthetics of religion to the context of museality, focusing on notions of the agent and the senses. After sketching different roles of agency in the field of museality and suggesting some theoretically interesting links to research on European history of religions, the notion of agency will be extended to aesthetic, sensual, bodily, cognitive,
This paper explores trade connections – or the lack of such – between copperworks and copper processing plants in the Oldenburg Monarchy in the eighteenth century. Domestic customs areas, high tariffs on raw material export and import bans sought to encourage domestic copper and brass goods production of Norwegian copper raw material, however this was only realised halfway. The raw material from N
Objective: The goal of this study was to optimize robust PID control for propofol anesthesia in children aged 5-10 years to improve performance, particularly to decrease the time of induction of anesthesia while maintaining robustness.Methods: We analyzed results of a previous study conducted by our group to identify opportunities for system improvement. Allometric scaling was introduced to reduce
We present a high statistics Monte Carlo investigation of three-dimensional Z 3 symmetric models, which are related to SU(3) pure gauge theory at finite temperature. From the finite size scaling behaviour of bulk properties and the existence of metastable states, we conclude that these models exhibit a first-order p
On the 14th of January in 2004, Reem Raiyshi killed herself and four Israeli soldiers in a terrorist attack at the border between Israel and Gaza. Soon after the deed pictures on Reem, and her young son, were sent to media agencies in Europe - and to circulate on the Internet. Although the picture of Reem is her picture it is not unique, but forms part of a subculture: the ceremonial of the suicid
This thesis explores methods for estimating 3D models using depth sensors andfinding low-rank approximations of matrices. In the first part we focus on how toestimate the movement of a depth camera and creating a 3D model of the scene.Given an accurate estimation of the camera position, we can produce dense 3Dmodels using the images obtained from the camera. We present algorithms thatare both accu
Introduction: Medical treatment of women with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss is controversial. The objective was to assess the effects of different treatments on live birth rates and complications in women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. Material and methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library, and identified 1415 publications. This systematic review included 21 r
Is the Rojava model really deconstructing the model of a state or is it potentially a new state form? Does the ‘democratic confederalism’ model that the Kurdish movement claims to be implementing in Northern Syria draw on/reproduce different modes of identity/belonging than that of the nation and the state? This paper argues that the shift from a nationalist movement towards a project that offers
Review of Flannery Burke, A Land Apart: The Southwest and the Nation in the Twentieth Century
The analysis of the virtues of Jesus in the Gospels has not gained a lot of interest in New Testament studies. Some scholars hesitate to use the term “virtue” in reference to Jesus, emphasizing the difference between the NT and the Greek philosophical tradition. Other scholars suggest that the Gospels are not concerned with the character of Jesus, but with his identity as Messiah and Son of God. B
This paper discusses the relevance of transient events of strong large-scale ocean evaporation (SLOE) for the deuteriumexcess of marine boundary layer vapor d using a theoretical framework that invokes the closure assumption. We argue that during SLOE events, d is essentially determined by the evaporation flux signature. Distinct high d during SLOE with global-mean values in the range of 12‰-23‰ d
