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Both natural and synthetic polyelectrolytes form strong complexes with a variety of proteins. One peculiar phenomenon is that association can take place even when the protein and the polyelectrolyte carry the same charge. This has been interpreted as if the ion-dipole interaction can overcome the repulsive ion-ion interaction. On the basis of Monte Carlo simulations and perturbation theory, we pro

This doctoral thesis deals with two closely interconnected phenomena, the adoption and diffusion of innovations. The research aims at developing both the theory of individual adoption decisions and the theory of the diffusion of an innovation in society. Especially how the pricing of an innovation tends to influence adoption and diffusion is focused. Two empirical studies within the telecommunicat

I describe briefly the status of the ARIADNE program implementing the Dipole Cascade Model and comment both on its performance at HERA, and the uncertainties relating to the extrapolation to LHC energies.

This thesis discusses Ireland’s rapid economic growth in the 1990s, in order to place in in the context of contemporary globalization debate. A great deal of the growth has been cited to stem from the state’s encouragement of globalization, in terms of increasing exposure to global markets. I investigate the interactions between the state and market, in order to determine of the economic growth wa

Abstract Introduction: A great decline of wild pollinators has been observed, the decline is believed to be a result of many stressors, whereas pesticide usage being one of them. Wild pollinator insects are significantly important to maintain and preserve food production and biodiversity. Background: Pesticides are used to protect and enhance crop yield, by targeting insect and fungi pests. Imid

Change is the only constant; yet, as we step into the brave new world of taxing the digital economy, it might seem like the need and development of principles and rules for adequate profit allocation has only begun. This thesis discusses the profit allocation rules under the Unified Approach of the OECD Pillar One Proposal Amount A in relation to three identified principles of law in international

The Radical Right has seen a rise across Europe and the Americas. With parties positioning themselves against pre established political parties and structures. The issue of migration has become a central theme in political debates and policy with the radical right parties positioning themselves as anti-immigration parties. There have been claims that the radical right is growing in Japan as well,

As one of the primary countries of destination for migrant domestic workers in Asia, Singapore is a developed country with one of the highest standards of living in the region. Yet, the city-state has been on the receiving end of extensive criticism concerning the rights and protections of migrant domestic workers. Civil society organizations have been one of the loudest critics, and in recent pub

Young adult novels about suicide are questioned pieces of literature. Fears of suicide contagion and the perceived unsuitability of such narratives for adolescents lie at the centre of this conflict, which has resulted in the banning of books and other censorship moves. Suicide in literature has been the focus of relatively scarce previous research, and there is a need for further literary critici

Action Research, Participatory Action Research and participatory methods have faced a number of criticisms, including that they do not actually involve citizens or create social change, and that they are tokenistic. This thesis develops and tests a new participatory method that contributes to a democratic and emancipatory PAR that responds to these criticisms and the shortcomings of current method

This study examines how corporate governance relates to firms’ sustainability as measured by ESG performance. I operationalize sustainability using the Bloomberg ESG Performance Score and its E/S/G pillars; all effects are therefore interpreted as changes in ESG-measured sustainability. I begin with firm-fixed-effects and year-fixed-effects panel regressions that link within-firm changes in CEO eq

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are a group of incurable conditions, among which the most common, such as COPD and asthma, have significant negative impacts on patients’ mental health and economic productivity. Understanding of the causes and affected populations of CRDs is continuously evolving, with air pollution now recognized as an important etiological factor alongside smoking, receiving

This thesis investigates ecocide as a form of environmental violence by state and non-state actors, reframing ecological destruction as a political and antagonistic act rather than an accidental byproduct of development. This research emphasises the active participation of state institutions in facilitating and perpetuating large-scale environmental harm while deterring efforts to legally frame ec

A search for pair-production of vector-like leptons is presented, considering their decays into a third-generation Standard Model (SM) quark and a vector leptoquark (U1) as predicted by an ultraviolet-complete extension of the SM, referred to as the ‘4321’ model. Given the assumed decay of U1 into third-generation SM fermions, the final state can contain multiple τ-leptons and b-quarks. This searc