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With the privatisation of war and the increasing importance of non-state actors in conflict, the need to study their effects on governments is increasing. This thesis? purpose is to analyse the effects on the government's control of force in the developing world, when contracting a Private Military Company (PMC). By applying a Civil-Military Relations model, focusing on the functional, politic
Financial services sector is fundamental to economic growth and development in all advanced economies. Financial services such as banking, savings and investment, insurance, and debt and equity financing constitute a nation's economic engine by fulfilling three core functions in the economy. Firstly, these services provide financial intermediation functions between savers/investors that are lo
This paper provides a presentation of the rule of law in the EU with regard to the Stability and Growth Pact. As there are different jurisprudential conceptions as to define law, the meaning of the rule of law is inexact. The concept is however generally understood to be an antithesis to the rule of men, which implies arbitrariness. The Stability and Growth Pact is a legal instrument, adopted in a
Many African countries face escalating challenges of increasing disaster risk and anticipated impacts of climate change. Although disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) are tightly linked and comprising virtually identical practices in vulnerable countries in Southern Africa, research has identified parallel governance structures across the region. This study applied com
The thawing and subsequent decomposition of large stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) currently stored in the northern circumpolar permafrost region are projected to result in a ‘positive’ feedback on global warming. The magnitude of this feedback can only be assessed with improved knowledge about the total size and geographic distribution of the permafrost SOC pool. This study investigates SOC st
Renewable energy is gaining increasing importance in the generation of power due to the finite existence of fossil fuels and concerns about climate change. As its demand grows financial interest from investors’ increases, thus it is important to find the most effective way of quantifying the risk of the renewable energy market. Furthermore as renewable energy can be viewed as an economic substitut
The relocation of the controversial Marine base at Futenma on Okinawa to Henoko in the north of the same island has been framed by Japanese politicians, officials, and analysts as crucial to deterrence. Critics respond that deterrence is merely a pretext, and the relocation is a politically convenient solution that perpetuates discrimination against Okinawa by the central government in Tokyo. This
During the twentieth century, a number of actors and institutions acrossthe global north set out to develop hierarchical social taxonomies of their national populations. Mainly used for the making of statistics, these divisions soon came to be influential in policy and public debates. Using mainly Swedish examples, this article offers new ways of understanding social taxonomies, thereby adding ins
Climate litigation has become a strategic tool to push for climate justice, including compensation for losses caused by climate change. Many cases rely on the establishment of a causal relationship between the defendants' emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) and the plaintiffs' losses. All decided cases seeking compensation for a concrete climate related impact have been unsuccessful (thus far). Leg
Landfill operators require rapid site characterisations in order to optimise economics and meet environmental regulation during both site monitoring and expansion. Geophysical surveys are increasingly filling this need, with geoelectrical and seismic methods among the most commonly demanded methods. This paper presents and discusses two cases in which geophysical methods were applied to map the su
History is written by the powerful. Representations of the past are framed within the structures of the dominant institutions today, and other pasts – those of the enslaved, the marginalised, the disenfranchised – are often suppressed. Drawing of Eric Wolf’s Europe and the People Without History, this chapter explores how the fertile lands of the Cauca Valley, Colombia, have been transformed into
The Oslofjord subsea road tunnel is a unique environment in which the typically anoxic marine deep subsurface is exposed to oxygen. Concrete biodeterioration and steel corrosion in the tunnel have been linked to the growth of iron- and manganese-oxidizing biofilms in areas of saline water seepage. Surprisingly, previous 16S rRNA gene surveys of biofilm samples revealed microbial communities domina
