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The objective of this study was to design and experimentally examine a sampling method for high-temperature aerosols from biomass combustion, in which nucleation and condensation from fly ash forming vapors is controlled. The sampling method includes a high-temperature probe in which the hot gas is diluted and then cooled. Laboratory results from sampling a model aerosol with known concentrations
We investigate steady symmetric gravity water waves on finite depth. For nonpositive vorticity it is shown that the particles display a mean forward drift, and for a class of waves we prove that the size of this drift is strictly increasing from bottom to surface. This includes the case of particles within irrotational waves. We also provide detailed information concerning the streamlines and the
Subsolidus phase relations have been determined for the BaO:TiO2:Ta2O5 system by X-ray diffraction analysis of ~100 specimens prepared in air at temperatures near but below the solidus (1275 °C to 1500 °C). For the BaO:Ta2O5 subsystem, the formation of all three polymorphs of BaTa2O6 (orthorhombic, tetragonal, and hexagonal) was confirmed. The present study found no stable phases forming between B
The composition and mode of attachment of Cu(II) complexes at the gamma-Al2O3-water interface in suspensions containing a simple amino acid (glutamate) were characterized with EXAFS and FTIR spectroscopies. The spectroscopic results indicate that two types of Cu(II)-glutamate-alumina interactions are primarily responsible for Cu(II) and glutamate uptake between pH 4 and 9. In acidic suspensions of
A lower Cambrian eodiscoid trilobite fauna and an associated holmiid trilobite, Holmia sp., are described from a bioclastic limestone at the top of the Tornetr¨ask Formation in the Luob´akti section, south of Lake Tornetr¨ask, northern Sweden. Other associated polymerid trilobites include Orodes? lapponica and Strenuaeva inflata. The precise age of the trilobite fauna cannot be determined, but its
We have investigated the lipid chemistry during cold acclimation in the freeze tolerant earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra. The dominant phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) of D. octaedra were 20:4, 20:5 and 20:1 (50% of total PLFA) followed by 18:0, 18:1 and 18:2 omega 6,9 (25% of total PLFA). The ability to tolerate freezing in this species was acquired after acclimation at low temperature for 2-4 weeks
We have used proton magnetic relaxation dispersion (MRD) to study the self-association of bovine ß-lactoglobulin variant A (BLG-A) as a function of temperature at pH 4.7 (dimer–octamer equilibrium) and as a function of NaCl concentration at pH 2.5 (monomer–dimer equilibrium). The MRD method identifies coexisting oligomers from their rotational correlation times and determines their relative popula
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse papers studying the link between supply chain integration (SCI) and performance, and to discuss reported empirical evidence relating to this fundamental question for logistics and supply chain management.
Design/methodology/approach
A systematic analysis of 38 papers published in nine important journals in logistics, su
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) mycelia are dependent on contact with plant roots for spore formation. In this study, earthworms and collembolans were regarded as potential dispersal vectors of AM fungal spores and hyphae, and we determined how they influenced the extension of AM fungi from host plant roots. Plantago lanceolata seedlings were grown in a mesh bag with an AM inoculurn of dried soil and
1. Recently, there has been much interest in physiological trade-offs between parasite resistance and fitness-related traits such as secondary sexual characters or reproductive effort. More specifically it has been suggested that (i) energetically costly activities may suppress the immune system and (ii) that this immunosuppression is caused by costly immune defences competing with other bodily de
When assessing the impact on workload from an expanding number of new patients and increasing treatment complexity, radiotherapy clinics find that oversimplified workload parameters, such as number of patients or number of fields, are not suitable for managing and predicting workload and organisational dimension. Although the basic treatment equivalent concept is available for predicting linear ac
Three primary hypotheses currently prevail for correlations between heterozygosity at a set of molecular markers and fitness in natural populations. First, multilocus heterozygosity- fitness correlations might result from selection acting directly on the scored loci, such as at particular allozyme loci. Second, significant levels of linkage disequilibrium, as in recently bottlenecked-and-expanded
Linear pentadecamer and cyclic hexamer peptide phage libraries were used to isolate phage clones with binding affinity toward lactoferrins purified from human and bovine milk. Phage clones with high specificity toward lactoferrin were selected with different binding strengths depending on the sequence of the peptide displayed by the phage. Phages coated to a microtiterplate were able to capture la
A new method for optimising threshold values of dry/wet spells is evaluated. A set of indices is used to find the best threshold giving good correspondence between the frequency of dry/wet spells in Hadley Centre regional model (HadRM3) output, reference observations with predetermined thresholds, and area-averaged observations. The analyses focus on selected model gridboxes in 3 different Europea
Partial alkalinity, as a measure of bicarbonate concentration, and total alkalinity, as a measure of the concentration of bicarbonate and volatile fatty acids, are useful parameters for monitoring anaerobic digestion processes. This paper reports a new method based on pH-indicators and spectrophotometric measurements for the monitoring of partial and total alkalinity. The method was used in an off
Musculoskeletal problems are very common, and clinical assessment is central to their appropriate management; however, many clinicians are not sufficiently competent to carry out this assessment. A standardized approach to the clinical assessment of a musculoskeletal problem is, therefore, necessary, whether the patient is presenting to primary care, rheumatology or orthopedics. Such a standardize
We have developed a new ReaxFF reactive force field to describe accurately reactions of hydrocarbons with vanadium oxide catalysts. The ReaxFF force field parameters have been fit to a large quantum mechanics (QM) training set containing over 700 structures and energetics related to bond dissociations, angle and dihedral distortions, and reactions between hydrocarbons and vanadium oxide clusters.
Young individuals, taking the locational choices made by their altruistic parents as given, decide whether or not to acquire skills. The use of location-specific word-of-mouth communication in the transmission of information about (skilled) job opportunities implies that the local social environment partly determines an individual's expected returns to education. Stratified equilibria, when they e
