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In this article we analyze what has been achieved by the introduction of the euro in terms of macroeconomic convergence and leveling of competitive conditions among the EMU member countries. In particular, has the convergence in nominal exchange rates resulted in divergence in real exchange and interest rates? And how has Finland fared relative to the EMU members? The answer is that real exchange
Popular Abstract in Swedish Molekylärgenetiska och funktionella studier av BCR/ABL1 fusionsgenen: Det finns tre sorters blodkroppar, röda, vita och trombocyter, som alla bildas från gemensamma stamceller i benmärgen. När stamcellerna delar sig bildas det antingen nya stamceller eller förstadier till blodkroppar som efter ytterligare delningar blir till mogna blodkroppar. Ibland uppkommer särskildThe BCR/ABL1 fusion gene is associated with chronic myeloid leukemia and a subgroup of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The general aim of this thesis was to increase the understanding of BCR/ABL1-induced leukemogenesis by molecular and functional studies of this fusion gene. In Article I, an experimental U937 cell line model with inducible expression of BCR/ABL1 was established and characterized. Ex
In a seasonally fluctuating environment migratory birds face decisions relating to how to schedule their main life-history activities, i.e. breeding, moult and migration. The time required to complete any one of these depends on overall size. In this paper I derive scaling functions about how time required for breeding, moult and migration depends on body mass. The sum of these increases with incr
A sheet of paper is modelled as a two-dimensional network of cellulose fibres. The fibres are assumed to be either cylindrical or band-shaped. Both well-ordered fibrous structures and fibrous structures in which a random arrangement of fibres is assumed are studied. The equations for creeping flow through such structures are solved, and the calculated permeabilities are compared with measured valu
ESA's Gaia mission will provide accurate astrometric, photometric andspectroscopic data for millions of stars in the Galaxy and beyond. Wediscuss the prospects of using this vast amount of astrophysicalinformation for understanding star formation histories in the Galaxy andits immediate neighbors within the Local Group.
We analyzed 34 cases of urothelial carcinomas by miRNA, mRNA and genomic profiling. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering using expression information for 300 miRNAs produced 3 major clusters of tumors corresponding to Ta, T1 and T2-T3 tumors, respectively. A subsequent SAM analysis identified 51 miRNAs that discriminated the 3 pathological subtypes. A score based on the expression levels of the 51
The right to withdraw one's consent after having agreed to participate in research is a fundamental principle in contemporary research ethics. However, it has been questioned whether this right should apply to research conducted on donated biological samples, including stem cells and tissues from which stem cells can be derived. In this article we present some of the concerns that have been expres
Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop and psychometrically evaluate an instrument for measuring the impact of chronic pain on daily life. Methods: The study comprised 384 respondents (aged between 18-102 years) who reported chronic pain. The instrument "Pain Impact Inventory" (PII) was evaluated in terms of face, content, construct and criterion validity, as well as two reliabi
A condensed account of the history of the production and spread of books, in manuscript and in print, in the Nordic countries during the handpress period. Attention is paid to printing as a factor in the formation of national languages.
Popular Abstract in Swedish Borrelios är en fästingöverförd infektionssjukdom som orsakas av spiroketen Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Borrelia infektionen är en zoonos, en sjukdom som överförs från djur till människa. I Sverige lever bakterien framför allt i smågnagare men också fåglar kan utgöra en s.k. reservoar. Reservoaren utgör källan varifrån bakterien kan infektera fästingar som tar sig Lyme borreliosis is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, a bacterium with a parasitic life-style, which is transmitted between hosts by the Ixodes tick-vector. Humans will incidentally become infected. The resulting illness can involve the skin, nervous system, joints and heart. Southern Sweden has been identified as an area endemic for Lyme borreliosis. The most common clinic
Popular Abstract in Swedish Benbrott inträffar i betydligt högre grad hos stadsbor jämfört med landsortsbor. Bakgrundsfaktorer, såsom graden av fysisk aktivitet och belastning i arbetet, kan ha betydelse för fall, som orsakar benbrott. Vi fann att äldre kvinnor som brutit handleden inom 3 månader från undersökningstillfället föreföll ha nedsatt balans, en försämring som verkar förbättras till normFracture incidence is higher in urban than in rural inhabitants. Background factors such as physical activity and workload may have an influence on the tendency to fall, leading to fractures. We found that elderly women with a recent fracture of the distal radius appear to have impaired balance, an impairment that seems to normalise with time after fracture. The aim of this study was also to get n
C-fibre neuropeptides, such as tachykinins and calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP), play an important role in neurogenic inflammation. The present work deals with five different aspects of the physiology and pharmacology of C-fibres. 1) Tachykinin receptor antagonists of peptide and non-peptide nature have been employed to identify the tachykinin receptors of the rabbit iris as NK1 and NK3 type
Brands have become one of the most discussed phenomena of marketing research in recent years. They are ubiquitous in the marketplace and virtually impossible for consumers to avoid. The corporate obsession with brands is likely to continue since the wealth of “how-to-do-branding” strategy handbooks suggest that brands are the magical panacea for creating superior business performance. In short, we
